574 research outputs found
Super-Resolution Simulation for Real-Time Prediction of Urban Micrometeorology
We propose a super-resolution (SR) simulation system that consists of a
physics-based meteorological simulation and an SR method based on a deep
convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN is trained using pairs of
high-resolution (HR) and low-resolution (LR) images created from meteorological
simulation results for different resolutions so that it can map LR simulation
images to HR ones. The proposed SR simulation system, which performs LR
simulations, can provide HR prediction results in much shorter operating cycles
than those required for corresponding HR simulation prediction system. We apply
the SR simulation system to urban micrometeorology, which is strongly affected
by buildings and human activity. Urban micrometeorology simulations that need
to resolve urban buildings are computationally costly and thus cannot be used
for operational real-time predictions even when run on supercomputers. We
performed HR micrometeorology simulations on a supercomputer to obtain datasets
for training the CNN in the SR method. It is shown that the proposed SR method
can be used with a spatial scaling factor of 4 and that it outperforms
conventional interpolation methods by a large margin. It is also shown that the
proposed SR simulation system has the potential to be used for operational
urban micrometeorology predictions
REMOVAL OF DISSOLVED METAL IONS BY BIOGENIC MANGANESE OXIDES PRODUCED BY ENRICHMENT CULTURES OF MANGANESE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA
Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart
Locating earthquakes around Antarctica by using neural networks based on deep learning
The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OG] Polar Geosciences, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor), National Institute of Polar Researc
Hematopoietic cell differentiation from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells
Pluripotent stem cells, both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are undifferentiated cells that can self-renew and potentially differentiate into all hematopoietic lineages, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), hematopoietic progenitor cells and mature hematopoietic cells in the presence of a suitable culture system. Establishment of pluripotent stem cells provides a comprehensive model to study early hematopoietic development and has emerged as a powerful research tool to explore regenerative medicine. Nowadays, HSC transplantation and hematopoietic cell transfusion have successfully cured some patients, especially in malignant hematological diseases. Owing to a shortage of donors and a limited number of the cells, hematopoietic cell induction from pluripotent stem cells has been regarded as an alternative source of HSCs and mature hematopoietic cells for intended therapeutic purposes. Pluripotent stem cells are therefore extensively utilized to facilitate better understanding in hematopoietic development by recapitulating embryonic development in vivo, in which efficient strategies can be easily designed and deployed for the generation of hematopoietic lineages in vitro. We hereby review the current progress of hematopoietic cell induction from embryonic stem/induced pluripotent stem cells
Embryonic Regulation of the Mouse Hematopoietic Niche
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can differentiate into several types of hematopoietic cells (HCs) (such as erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, or macrophages) and also undergo self-renewal to sustain hematopoiesis throughout an organism's lifetime. HSCs are currently used clinically as transplantation therapy in regenerative medicine and are typically obtained from healthy donors or cord blood. However, problems remain in HSC transplantation, such as shortage of cells, donor risks, rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Thus, increased understanding of HSC regulation should enable us to improve HSC therapy and develop novel regenerative medicine techniques. HSC regulation is governed by two types of activity: intrinsic regulation, programmed primarily by cell autonomous gene expression, and extrinsic factors, which originate from so-called “niche cells” surrounding HSCs. Here, we focus on the latter and discuss HSC regulation with special emphasis on the role played by niche cells
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