Thermalization of Atom-Molecule Bose Gases in a Double-Well Potential

We study the non-equiliribium dynamics of atom-molecule Bose gases in a double-well potential. In this system, the internal atom-molecule tunneling has significant influence on the dynamics. We investigate the periodicity of dynamics by studying the level statistics of the quantum system. We find that chaotic energy eigenstates arise from the competition between the interwell and the atom-molecule internal tunnelings. Furthermore, we show that the physical quantities relax to the microcanonical averages in the full-quantum dynamics when the system is chaotic. This thermalization is caused by the verification of eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We show numerically that the onset of ETH occurs simultaneously with that of chaos. In addition, we show that the energy eigenstates become to be exponentially localized states simultaneously with the onset of chaos.Comment: 26 pages, 25 figure

Constitutional politics in contemporary Japan

The Japanese constitution is now at a turning point. Today, first I would like to explain the two major political attitudes toward the constitution. After making clear why and how these attitudes have been developed, I will point out that each of these attitudes has its own contradiction and dilemma within it. Then I will tell you something about my own way of thinking about the constitution. We should think about the constitution within a broader context of politics, rather than sticking to the constitution as a written national law.This conference was supported by the generosity of the Japan Foundation Asia Centre, AusAID, the Daiwa Foundation for Asia and Oceania, the Myer Foundation and The Australian National University's National Institute for Asia and the Pacific and the Humanities Research Centre

Security legislations and human rights in Japan

9.11 was not an epoch-making event, but was an event symbolizing the change which had already started; the risks began to cross borders. Even the center of the US, which had been regarded as the most protected point on the earth, turned out to be vulnerable. The fact has caused tightening of security measures and risk managements all over the world, jeopardizing civil liberties and democracy

Bony island within the articular cartilage of the knee in a child: a rare condition for early osteoarthritis

Articular cartilage is a specific type of connective tissue composed of hydrated proteoglycans within a matrix of collagen fibrils. In the elderly population, it shows degenerative changes that may results in osteoarthritis. The more severe form of osteoarthritis occasionally demonstrates bone formation within the cartilage, which is designated as a bony protuberance, however, such lesions are rare in children. This report presents the case of a 10-year-old boy with a bony protuberance within the articular cartilage of the knee. The patient initially complained of knee pain and he subsequently developed flexion contracture. Radiological and arthroscopic examinations revealed a bony protuberance in the articular cartilage and degenerative changes of the cartilage above it. He was successfully treated by the removal of the bony protuberance and osteochondral grafting. The bony protuberance may have caused cartilage degradation since the thickness of the cartilage above it was thinner than that around the lesion. The bony protuberance within the articular cartilage formed in the younger population may be a possible cause of osteoarthritis. This case is a noteworthy with regard to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

The effect of nitrogen lone-pair interaction on the conduction in a single-molecule junction with amine-Au bonding

We have applied our previously developed three-dimensional dynamic probe method to analyze the conductance in a Au-/1,4-benzenediamine (BDA)/Au single molecule junction. This structure is a typically used example to demonstrate the high performance of the break junction (BJ) method for measuring conductance with small variations, however, details of the interaction of the nitrogen (N) lone-pair in the amine group with a Au electrode, which is considered to have a fundamental role in determining the conductance of the single molecule junction with the amine, have not yet been clarified and still remain an important issue to be resolved. In this study, we have succeeded, for the first time, in observing the site-dependent change in conductance of this system while the molecular conformation was accurately controlled, and the results were well reproduced by a simulation taking account of the effect of the N lone-pair in an amine bonding with a Au electrode

Organizing Active Learning Models in Science Classes (2)

The purpose of this study is to organize active learning models in science classes. Through classroom practice from elementary school to upper secondary school, we observed the followings: 1) the "reciprocal of internalization and externalization," which means collaborative and cooperative learning, is the key to active learning in science lessons; 2) by creating a "subject skeleton," teachers can gain clarity regarding the promotion of deep learning and organize active learning models in science classes

A study on the scattering exposure dose in radiotherapy.

現代の医療のなかで癌治療において不可欠な存在となった放射線治療｡一方,放射線被曝はたとえわずかであってもリスクが伴い,厳しく規制されている｡ただし医療被曝はこの限りになく,過去においては癌患者に放射線治療をおこなう際の患部以外の被曝についてはあまり問題視されなかった｡これには癌の治療という前提に加え,長期生存の可能性が低く,存命中に晩発障害が発生することが低いと考えられていたからである｡しかし,集学的治療が確立した今後の放射線治療においては完治する放射線治療患者が多くなり,治癒後の余命が長くなることが予測される｡放射線被曝による確率的影響は閾値がなく,影響は当然現れるであろう｡そこで,放射線治療をおこなう際の患者の散乱線被曝線量,治療室内散乱線量,さらに高エネルギー放射線発生装置を取り扱うときに問題となっている中性子を測定した｡その結果,測定線量は治療患部外被曝,室内散乱線量ともに無視できない量であることがわかった｡中性子については,人体に影響がある線量は検出されなかったが,中性子の存在は室内物品の放射化の可能性を示唆するもので定期的な測定管理が必要である｡また,Ⅹ線撮影室用の防護衣による散乱線被曝の低減効果は放射線治療室では無意味であった｡In modern medicine, radiotherapy has proved indispensable in the treatment of cancer. However. radiation exposure is a health hazard. and is thus strictly regulated. In the past, incidental exposure was not considered to pose a considerable risk, and because radiotherapy was an effective treatment for cancer and because the possibility of the long-term survival was generally poor, the prevalence of radiation injury was thought to be low. In recent years, however, more patients are making complete recoveries, and it is believed that long-term survival is possible with future radiotherapy techniques. There is no threshold for the stochastic effects of radiation exposure, and thus such effects may be detected even at low levels. In the present study, we measured the radiation exposure due to scattered rays from the patient, incidental radiation levels in the radiotherapy room, and levels of neutron radiation. which is a problem when high-energy X-ray radiotherapy systems are used. The results showed that exposure due to scattered rays and incidental levels in the radiotherapy room cannot be dismissed. and that further investigation is warranted. As for neutron radiation, dosages were below those that are known to influence the human body, but regular measurement is necessary because it may induce radioactivity in otherwise benign equipment. In addition, a protective apron had no effect on the exposure due to scattered rays in the radiotherapy room

Establishment of Immunodeficient Retinal Degeneration Model Mice and Functional Maturation of Human ESC-Derived Retinal Sheets after Transplantation

Increasing demand for clinical retinal degeneration therapies featuring human ESC/iPSC-derived retinal tissue and cells warrants proof-of-concept studies. Here, we established two mouse models of end-stage retinal degeneration with immunodeficiency, NOG-rd1-2J and NOG-rd10, and characterized disease progress and immunodeficient status. We also transplanted human ESC-derived retinal sheets into NOG-rd1-2J and confirmed their long-term survival and maturation of the structured graft photoreceptor layer, without rejection or tumorigenesis. We recorded light responses from the host ganglion cells using a multi-electrode array system; this result was consistent with whole-mount immunostaining suggestive of host-graft synapse formation at the responding sites. This study demonstrates an application of our mouse models and provides a proof of concept for the clinical use of human ESC-derived retinal sheets

Organizing of Active Learning Models in Science Classes (2)

The purpose of this study is to organize active learning models in science classes. Through classroom practice from elementary school to upper secondary school, we observed the following: 1) the "reciprocal of internalization and externalization," which means collaborative and cooperative learning, is the key to active learning in science lessons; 2) by creating a "subject skeleton," teachers can gain clarity regarding the promotion of deep learning and organize active learning models in science classes