The Traffic Ethics in Land Transportation

Transportation is vitally important to connect and provision human societies. Almost all activities that people carry out on a daily basis are related to the use of transportation structures. This makes it easy for people to move places or goods to a specific destination. Study employs qualitative research to consider the importance of overland transport in the construction and maintenance of human societies. Keywords: Socialization, Togetherness, Land transportatio

Study of the Utilization of Spent Bleaching Earth as a Raw Material for the Production of Biodiesel Using the In-Situ Transesterification Process

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is the primary by-product generated during crude palm oil (CPO) refining. The majority of the SBE is typically discarded in landfills, despite the fact that it still contains approximately 20-40 percent crude oil. The oil present in SBE can be converted into biodiesel using an in-situ transesterification procedure.  In the in-situ esterification-transesterification process, the extraction of oil and the reactions of esterification and transesterification take place concurrently on the surface of the SBE in the reactor. The objective of the research was to investigate the impact of reaction temperature and time, NaOH concentration, methanol and hexane to SBE ratio on the generation of biodiesel from SBE through in-situ transesterification. The research findings indicated that the in-situ transesterification process at 65°C for 120 minutes, using a methanol/SBE ratio of 9.0 (v/w) and a NaOH concentration of four percent (w/w), resulted in the greatest biodiesel production of 85.6 percent. The biodiesel consisted of 97.47 percent methyl ester. The findings also indicated that SBE might be utilized as a resource for the manufacturing of biodiesel. By employing SBE as a feedstock for biodiesel, it not only minimizes waste but also enhances biodiesel production without compromising the availability of oil for food consumption. Keywords: biodiesel, crude palm oil, in-situ, spent bleaching earth, transesterification DOI: 10.7176/JETP/14-1-02 Publication date: January 31st 202

An Overview Of KMP. Gorare Route Tanjung Ru-Sadai Belitung, Bangka Belitung Province

Belitung Regency is one of the regencies in Indonesia's Bangka Belitung Province where river crossing transportation plays a vital role in transportation activities and the region's economy. The Gorare Ferry Motor Boat is a ro-ro type motor boat serving the Tanjung Ru-Sadai route. This form of transportation is expected to be able to stimulate economic growth in the region's more remote areas, and the government is therefore providing subsidies to support the programme. Based on productivity data from 2010 to 2013, there was a significant increase in passenger volumes and vehicle productivity. However, the pricing rate does not cover the operating costs of the ship. This study seeks to ascertain when the service will reach breakeven and no longer require subsidies. Keywords: Crossing, Transportation, Rol