Nutritional status and risk factors of overweight and obesity for children aged 9–15 years in Chengdu, Southwest China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Obesity is widespread in the world including developing countries. However malnutrition in poor areas is still a serious problem. Few investigations, especially in a large sample, have been performed in Western area of China. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of school children aged 9–15 years in large Southwest city of China, and identify the differential impact of aberrant birth categories and family history of obesity related disease on childhood overweight and obesity development.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A multistage random cluster sampling was performed to evaluate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity, which were defined by the new age-, sex-, specific BMI reference developed by World Health Organization (WHO) (2007). And then a frequency matched case–control study was performed to identify the risk factors of overweight and obesity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>7,194 children (3,494 boys, 3,700 girls) were recruited, and 1,282 (17.8%) had excess bodyweight (14.5% overweight, 3.3% obesity). The combined prevalence gradually decreased with age, and were more prevalent among boys than girls (<it>P</it> <0.05). Meanwhile 6.3% were found thinness and there were little differences in genders (<it>P</it> >0.05). Preterm large for gestational age (OR = 2.746), maternal history of obesity related disease (OR = 1.713), paternal history of obesity related disease (OR = 1.583), preterm appropriate for gestational age (OR = 1.564), full term small for gestational age (OR = 1.454) and full term large for gestational age (OR = 1.418) were recognized as significant risk factors in the multivariate regression analysis (<it>P</it> <0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>While overweight and obesity was dramatically spreading, malnutrition still remained a serious problem. This unmatched nutritional status should be emphasized in backward cities of China. Children born of both preterm and LGA, whose parents particularly mothers had a history of obesity related disease, should be emphatically intervened as early as possible.</p

Three ADIPOR1 Polymorphisms and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.

Studies have come to conflicting conclusions about whether polymorphisms in the adiponectin receptor 1 gene (ADIPOR1) are associated with cancer risk. To help resolve this question, we meta-analyzed case-control studies in the literature.PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, the Chinese Biological Medical Database and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database were systematically searched to identify all case-control studies published through February 2015 examining any ADIPOR1 polymorphisms and risk of any type of cancer. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.A total of 13 case-control studies involving 5,750 cases and 6,762 controls were analyzed. Analysis of the entire study population revealed a significant association between rs1342387(G/A) and overall cancer risk using a homozygous model (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.72 to 0.94), heterozygous model (OR 0.84, 95%CI 0.76 to 0.93), dominant model (OR 0.85, 95%CI 0.75 to 0.97) and allele contrast model (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.80 to 0.97). However, subgroup analysis showed that this association was significant only for Asians in the case of colorectal cancer. No significant associations were found between rs12733285(C/T) or rs7539542(C/G) and cancer risk, either in analyses of the entire study population or in analyses of subgroups.Our meta-analysis suggests that the ADIPOR1 rs1342387(G/A) polymorphism, but not rs12733285(C/T) or rs7539542(C/G), may be associated with cancer risk, especially risk of colorectal cancer in Asians. Large, well-designed studies are needed to verify our findings

Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs7539542(C/G) and cancer risk in a dominant model.

<p>Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs7539542(C/G) and cancer risk in a dominant model.</p

Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs1342387(G/A) and cancer risk in a heterozygous model.

<p>Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs1342387(G/A) and cancer risk in a heterozygous model.</p

Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs1342387(G/A) and cancer risk in a homozygous model.

<p>Forest plot of the association between <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs1342387(G/A) and cancer risk in a homozygous model.</p

Flow diagram of study selection for the meta-analysis.

<p>CBM, Chinese Biological Medical Database. CNKI, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database.</p

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.

<p>Notes: BC, breast cancer; CRC, colorectal cancer; GC, gastric cancer; PC, prostate cancer; HC, hepatic carcinoma; PB, population-based; HB, hospital-based; MALDI-TOF matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.</p><p>^aThe sum of genotypes AA and AG.</p><p>^bThe sum of genotypes GG and CG.</p><p>Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.</p

Funnel plot to detect publication bias in data on <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs1342387(G/A) according to a dominant model.

<p>Funnel plot to detect publication bias in data on <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs1342387(G/A) according to a dominant model.</p

Funnel plot to detect publication bias in data on <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs12733285(C/T) according to a dominant model.

<p>Funnel plot to detect publication bias in data on <i>ADIPOR1</i> SNP rs12733285(C/T) according to a dominant model.</p

Overall and subgroup analysis of the <i>ADIPOR1</i> rs1342387(G/A)polymorphism and cancer risk.

<p>Notes: CI, confidence interval; CRC, colorectal cancer; OR, odds ratio; PC, prostate cancer.</p><p>^a P value of Q test for assessing heterogeneity.</p><p>Bold values indicate significant associations.</p><p>Overall and subgroup analysis of the <i>ADIPOR1</i> rs1342387(G/A)polymorphism and cancer risk.</p