Paying For Your Crime: The Pay-to-Stay Jail Program in California

Many California cities have recently implemented pay-to-stay jail programs at the local level. Pay-to-stay programs provide a safe and private incarceration experience for those who can afford the nightly fee. This study provides a theoretical analysis of the pay-to-stay jail program in relation to mass incarceration and the ever-expanding prison economy. It examines pay-to-stay programs as a new method of stratified punishment, reproducing race and class oppression within the U.S. penal regime. A case study of the Fremont pay-to-stay program offers insight into the implementation, operation, and application process for inmates seeking segregation from general county jail populations. This study concludes that pay-to-stay creates a two-tiered jail system—separating the deserving from the undeserving—and promotes disproportionate treatment within the criminal justice system

Educational preparation of nursing students for placements in nursing homes. An integrative literature review of UK empirical research.

Educational preparation of nursing students for placements in nursing homes. An integrative literature review of UK empirical research

After CLASS: What\u27s Next for School Library Research

The research process of the CLASS II research agenda is detailed along with findings from the formal final report of the project. Findings are organized by using the shared foundations from the 2017 AASL National School Library Standards and include highlights from the aggregated research. A discussion of innovative future directions for school library research builds on the CLASS II research findings

School Librarians Making Global Connections: Conjecture Mapping and Researcher Practitioner Partnerships

Dr. Barbara Schultz-Jones (University of North Texas), Dr Marcia Mardis (Florida State University) and Dr Sue Kimmel (Old Dominion University, Virginia) share their research on a way to support evidence building of causal relationships between the school library and a teacher librarian’s contribution to student outcomes

How integration of the federal Indian Register has enhanced First Nations-specific analysis of ICES data

Introduction In Ontario, First Nations are increasingly seeking population-level data about the health of their citizens. However, First Nations people are not readily identified in standard health administrative data and indirect strategies, such as the use of on-reserve addresses, are limited in scope and validity. Objectives and Approach The Chiefs of Ontario entered into a Data Governance Agreement with the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) that enabled the linkage of the federal Indian Register (IR) to data at ICES. This study examined the impact of the IR linkage on First Nations population estimates and location of residence, measured by postal code or residence code. Overall, and for each First Nation community in Ontario, we compared First Nations population estimates from the ICES data with and without the IR linkage to estimates available from Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC). Results Without the IR, using only Ontario residence codes or postal codes that were unique to a given community, 62,242 individuals were identified as living in First Nations communities. This is approximately 30% lower than the current INAC on-reserve population estimate of 92,234 for First Nations communities in Ontario. Adding the IR allowed the use of non-unique postal codes as well, resulting in the identification of an additional 15,183 First Nations individuals. It also allowed the identification of over 113,000 First Nations individuals who live outside of First Nations communities, especially in urban areas. Finally, the combination of residence information and the IR permits communities to identify their registered member living within and outside their communities. Conclusion/Implications Using the IR in combination with geographic residence information, made possible through the Data Governance Agreement signed between Chiefs of Ontario and ICES, will provide First Nations communities with more accurate and complete population estimates, which is key to the production of useful and relevant First Nations-specific health research

Evidence, Standards, and School Librarianship: Prevailing Policies, Promising Methods, and Progress on a Research Agenda

Guided by the question, What are the implications of national educational evidence standards for school librarianship research?, prevailing U.S. evidence-driven educational policies are examined to identify implications for school librarianship research; promising methods to contribute to building this evidence base are explored; and finally, progress on a long-term research agenda designed to enable school librarianship researchers to contribute evidence to educational policy is reviewed. As promising methods are explored, an actionable agenda is proposed that school library researchers can undertake to participate in a causal research environment

The Preparation and Certification of School Librarians: Using Causal Educational Research About Teacher Characteristics to Probe Facets of Effectiveness

How do we define a high-quality school librarian? Decades of educational researchers have attempted to link teacher characteristics—such as how teachers are prepared, which credentials they carry, and years of experience—to student outcomes. These researchers have contended that individual educator attributes may have a direct effect on what and how much their students learn. School librarians are also teachers who have direct student contact, and although numerous studies have indicated that school librarian preparation, licensure, and other background characteristics are promising areas for further direct exploration, researchers have yet to examine if, how, and why school librarians’ certification or preparation positively impacts students’ learning outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to compare findings from causal educational research to findings from descriptive school librarianship research to discern possible areas of causal alignment that warrant further investigation. In this study, we present a subset of a larger mixed research synthesis of causal educational research related to student achievement, contextualized with existing school librarianship research, to draw relationships between classroom teacher and school librarian preparation and characteristics and to shape researchable conjectures about school librarians’ effects on learner outcomes

Measuring equity in per capita primary care investment in Ontario: Challenges for data linkage and analysis

Introduction Fifteen years ago almost all primary care physicians (PCPs) were paid fee-for-service. Now, many physicians receive other payments as well, including capitation payments, incentives and bonuses and funding for other health professionals. It is challenging to track these changes in primary care payment and understand how they relate to individual patients. Objectives and Approach The objectives of this study were to assess changes in PCP payments from 2002/03 to 2011/12 and examine differences in per capita investment by urban-rural status, recent arrival (proxy for immigrant status) and income quintile. This required a three-step approach: assigning payments to physicians, assigning patients to physicians and then apportioning the payments by patient. Payments were apportioned based on the type of payment and how the data were captured. For example, capitation payments were paid monthly, but without any detail as to which patients they were for, so all capitation payments were summed and apportioned among all rostered patients. Results All PCPs for whom we had payment data and to whom patients could be assigned were included. Three types of physician-patient 'relationships' were identified: the patient was on the physician's formal roster; the patient was 'virtually' rostered to the physician who provided the plurality of their care; or the patient was part of the physician's overall panel, which includes all patients seen during the year, rostered and not. The type of relationship determined which payment were allocated to each patient. When the $3.5B in payments were apportioned and different populations compared, we found inequities in new primary care investment by income, immigrant status and rurality. For example, we found a disproportionate investment in interdisciplinary teams for non-immigrant Ontarians living in more well-off suburban areas. Conclusion/Implications Estimating per capita primary care investment is a challenging but worthwhile undertaking. The results of this study suggest that the Government of Ontario should facilitate increased participation in new primary care models by immigrants and people living in major urban centres

Global learning: The school library as an exploration hub

Researchers will share papers exploring the SIG theme, The School Library as an Exploration Hub. This interactive SIG session includes presentation of each research paper followed by open dialogue and Q&A regarding issues raised by the papers, implications for practice, and future areas for research. The following papers were selected for presentation: School Librarians Making Global Connections: Conjecture Mappings and Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships Kimmel, Mardis, Schulz-Jones, & Wine How do school libraries impact learning outcomes? Conjecture mapping combined with Research Practitioner Partnerships (RPP) provides a design-based means to identify, explore, and document effective practices. Researchers share conjecture maps developed from compiled educational research to theorize school-based malleable factors to impact student learning. Thinking Globally to Explore Dissemination of a Model of Mentoring and Collaboration for New Teachers Soulen The AASL Standards identify collaboration as best practice and recommend building a trusting relationship with colleagues. As a causal model, A Continuum of Care: School Librarian Interventions for New Teacher Resilience provided targeted interventions for first year teachers as a special population. This study explored the effect of mentoring toward collaboration by school librarians for new teachers to increase resilience, decrease burnout, and increase retention. Transformative learning for pre-service school librarians: Understanding experiences that enhance self-awareness and global consciousness Kammer Transformative learning, an adult education theory, describes how a “disorienting dilemma” can significantly change one’s perspective. In this study, students in a school library program were asked to identify learning experiences that helped them transform or expand their self-awareness. Findings imply that students are impacted by the aesthetic dimension, where they actually saw different ways of doing things in the library they could connect to their own practice