Culture supernatant of adipose stem cells can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation via recruitment of CD4+CD25+Foxp3 T cells

SDS-PAGE of supernatant after ASC cultivation. Comparison of protein composition of con sup (concentrated medium for ASCs cultivation) and ASC sup (concentrated culture supernatant after ASC cultivation for 3 days) using SDS-PAGE. Thirty micrograms of each sample was loaded into an SDS-PAGE gel. After electrophoresis, the gel was stained by Coomassie Blue (M molecular marker, arrow indicated extra proteins compared to control). (PPT 370 kb

Surgical repair of nasal septal perforation using temporalis fascia and homologous rib cartilage grafts: a case report

Nasal septal perforation, often encountered as a complication of rhinoplasty, presents a significant clinical challenge, particularly following procedures focused on nose lengthening or augmenting, such as septal extension surgeries. Herein, we present a case of septal perforation, which was successfully treated through a temporalis fascia graft combined with costal cartilage graft from a donor. We explored the etiology of nasal septal perforation and delved into various treatment options through this investigation involving a female patient who experienced persistent crusting and nasal obstruction following rhinoplasty. The surgical approach adopted for the case and the outcomes, and the nuances in managing septal perforation complexity are presented

How to release shallow nostril stenosis after pediatric trauma?

Nostril or vestibular stenosis is a rare disease that usually occurs after trauma, infection, or burns in acquired cases. Nostril stenosis in pediatric cases is even rarer; however, it must be considered after trauma. Nostril stenosis involves the proliferation of secondary fibrous tissue in damaged subcutaneous tissues, resulting in a circumferential scar that leads to nasal obstruction on the involved side. Because each case of vestibular stenosis is diverse, no standard treatment has been established. Here, we present cases of successfully treated posttraumatic shallow nostril stenosis in pediatric patients and highlight the importance of early surgery

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Is Not a Pivotal Regulator Responsible for Suppressing Allergic Airway Inflammation through Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

<div><p>Background</p><p>Although indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-mediated immune suppression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been revealed in septic and tumor microenvironments, the role of IDO in suppressing allergic airway inflammation by MSCs is not well documented. We evaluated the effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on allergic inflammation in IDO-knockout (KO) asthmatic mice or asthmatic mice treated with ASCs derived from IDO-KO mice.</p><p>Methods and Findings</p><p>ASCs were injected intravenously in wild-type (WT) and IDO-KO asthmatic mice. Furthermore, asthmatic mice were injected with ASCs derived from IDO-KO mice. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of ASCs between WT and IDO-KO mice or IDO-KO ASCs in asthmatic mice. In asthmatic mice, ASCs significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, the number of total inflammatory cells and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), eosinophilic inflammation, goblet hyperplasia, and serum concentrations of total and allergen-specific IgE and IgG1. ASCs significantly inhibited Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and enhanced Th1 cytokine (interferon-γ) and regulatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) in BALF and lung draining lymph nodes (LLNs). ASCs led to significant increases in regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and IL-10⁺ T cell populations in LLNs. However, the immunosuppressive effects of ASCs did not significantly differ between WT and IDO-KO mice. Moreover, ASCs derived from IDO-KO mice showed immunosuppressive effects in allergic airway inflammation.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>IDO did not play a pivotal role in the suppression of allergic airway inflammation through ASCs, suggesting that it is not the major regulator responsible for suppressing allergic airway inflammation.</p></div

The experimental protocol.

<p>(A) Mice were sensitized on days 0, 1, 7, and 8 by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged intranasally on days 14, 15, 21, and 22. Purified adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs; 1 × 10⁶) derived from wild-type (WT) or indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO)-knockout (KO) mice were injected via the tail vein on days 12, 13, 19, and 20. (B) Mice were divided into three or four treatment groups.</p

A rare case of multiple pituitary adenomas in an adolescent Cushing disease presenting as a vertebral compression fracture

Cushing disease in children and adolescents, especially with multiple pituitary adenomas (MPAs), is very rare. We report 17-year-old boy with MPAs. He presented with a vertebral compression fracture, weight gain, short stature, headache, and hypertension. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), only a left pituitary microadenoma was found. After surgery, transient clinical improvement was observed but headache and hypertension were observed again after 3 months later. Follow-up MRI showed a newly developed right pituitary microadenoma 6 months after the surgery. The need for careful clinical and radiographic follow-up should be emphasized in the search for potential MPAs in patients with persistent Cushing disease

Effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on T-cells in the lung draining lymph nodes.

<p>The CD4⁺ T-cells were initially gated and the percentage of IL-4⁺, IFN-γ⁺, IL-10⁺, and CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ T-cells subsequently analyzed. When treating asthmatic mice with ASCs derived from indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO)-knockout (KO) mice, the IL-4⁺ T-cell population decreased, but the IFN-γ⁺, IL-10⁺, and Foxp3⁺CD25⁺ T-cell populations increased.</p

Effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

<p>IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in the OVA group than PBS group. ASCs (A) or ASCs derived from indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO)-knockout (KO) mice (B) treatment significantly decreased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, but increased IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β in WT and IDO-KO asthmatic mice. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments performed in triplicate. _* <i>p</i><0.05, _** <i>p</i>≤0.005, _*** <i>p</i>≤0.001.</p

Effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on the expression of IDO, TGF-β, and PGE2.

<p>ASCs (A) or ASCs derived from indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO)-knockout (KO) mice (B) treatment significantly increased TGF-β expression in lung tissue and PGE2 levels in the serum of asthmatic mice. However, IDO expression in lung tissue was increased in the OVA+ASC group of WT asthmatic mice, but not in the OVA+ASC group of IDO-KO asthmatic mice and OVA+IDO-KO ASC group. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments performed in triplicate. _* <i>p</i><0.05, _** <i>p</i>≤0.005, _*** <i>p</i>≤0.001.</p