Reaksi Padi Hibrida Introduksi Terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri Dan Hubungannya Dengan Hasil Gabah

A research was conducted to determine the response of introduced hybrid rice varieties to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and its relationship to grain yields The trial was planted at the Sukamandi Experiment Station during the wet season (WS) 2008/09 and at Kuningan Experiment Station in the dry season (DS) of 2008 and WS 2008/09. Fourteen rice genotypes consisting of 9 introduced hybrid rice varieties from China, variety Code (resistant check), IR64 (susceptible check), and Intani-2 Batang Samo (hybrid checks), and Ciherang (inbred check) were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The trial at Kuningan, a BLB endemic area, was carried out with an assumption that grain yield performances of the 14 rice genotypes would be influenced by be severity of the BLB. Data from the greenhouse trial showed that reactions of the introduced hybrid rice to Xoo pathotype III varied from moderately resistant to resistant, moderately susceptible to susceptible to Xoo pathotype IV, and resistant to moderately Xoo pathotype VIII. In the field, the severity of the BLB disease ranged from 4.2% on Sembada B9 to 11.4% on WCR115 in the DS 2008, and from 4.9% on Sembada B9 to 30.4% on WCR073 in the WS 2008/09. In the DS 2008, the highest grain yield was obtained from Sembada B9 (9.79 t/ha) followed by Sembada B8 (9.6 t/ha), Sembada B3 (9.26 t/ha), and Sembada B5 (9.79 t/ha). In the WS 2008/2009, the highest grain yield was also obtained from Sembada B9 (8.85 t/ha) followed by Sembada B8 (8.80 t/ha), Sembada B3 8.63 t/ha), and Sembada B5 (7.77 t/ha). These four rice hybrids were resistant to Xoo pathotype III. The overall average rice yield in the DS, was higher than that in the WS 2008/2009, presumably as a result of the lower severity BLB disease

Composition and Distribution of Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae Pathotypes, the Pathogen of Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight in Indonesia

This research aimed to determine the composition and pathotype distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in several rice producing centers in Indonesia during the growing season of 2010-2013. The studies were conducted into three phases of activities, namely: sampling and collection of infected leaves from the representative rice growing areas; isolation and purification of the Xoo isolates; and evaluation of composition and pathotype of Xoo on five rice differential varieties. Results indicated that a total of 2,658 isolates Xoo have been isolated from 10 provinces representing rice ecosystem in Indonesia during the growing season from 2010-2013. Evaluating these Xoo isolates against five differential varieties revealed that these Xoo isolates consisted of three pathotypes III, IV, and VIII with a total of 30, 36, and 34%, respectively. The data also indicated that two pathotypes III and IV were dominant in three provinces, while the pathotype VIII was dominant in four provinces. As mentioned previously, such information are useful in designing strategy of integrating components of technologies combined in the management of Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) occurrences in a particular endemic areas

Komposisi Dan Penyebaran Patotipe Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae, Penyebab Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri Padi Di Jawa Timur

The pathotype composition and distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in central of rice production in East Java. An experiment to study the pathotype composition and distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in central of rice production in East Java was conducted at the planting season of 2010. Three steps trial was conducted such as removed of leaves infected by bacterial leaf blight (BLB, isolation of Xoo in a laboratory, and tested pathotype in screen house. Rice leaves showing typical bacterial leaf blight symptom were collected from various farmers rice field. The samples were detached and put into the paper envelope, and then it taken in the laboratory for isolation process of Xoo. Isolation of Xoo was done in the Laboratory of Pythopathology, Indonesian Centre for Rice Research, Sukamandi. Pathotype identifications were done by inoculating the isolates of Xoo on differential varieties in the screen field ICRR in Sukamandi at wet season (WS) 2010. Resistance reaction was identified using the criteria of the disease severity. Disease severity ≥ 11% was considered resistant (R) and it >12% was considered susceptible (S). The result showed that leaves infected by BLB were obtained among 131 and it were collected 126 isolates of Xoo. Identification of pathotype indicated that in East Java, it were obtained 30 isolates (23.8% pathotype III), 43 isolates (34.1% ) pathotype IV, and 53 isolates (42.1%) pathotype VIII. Penelitian untuk mengetahui komposisi dan sebaran kelompok patotipe bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) penyebab penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) di beberapa daerah produksi padi di Jawa Timur telah dilaksanakan pada musim tanam 2010. Penelitian meliputi tiga tahap kegiatan, yaitu pengambilan sampel daun sakit HDB dilaksanakan dengan metode survei, isolasi bakteri Xoo di laboratorium, dan pengujian patotipe bakteri Xoo di rumah kaca. Daun padi bergejala HDB yang dikoleksi dari lapangan dimasukkan ke dalam amplop kertas kemudian dibawa ke laboratorium untuk keperluan isolasi bakteri Xoo. Isolasi bakteri Xoo dilakukan di laboratorium dan inokulasi bakteri Xoo pada tanaman padi diferensial dilakukan di screen field BB Padi. Isolasi bakteri Xoo menggunakan metode pencucian. Pengujian patotipe dilaksanakan dengan menginokulasikan isolat Xoo pada 5 varietas diferensial di rumah kaca dengan metode gunting. Reaksi ketahanan varietas diferensial dikelompokkan berdasarkan keparahan penyakit. Varietas tergolong tahan (T) bila keparahan penyakit kurang atau sama dengan 11%, tergolong rentan (R) bila keparahan lebih dari 12%. Pengelompokan patotipe berdasar pada nilai interaksi antara varietas diferensial dengan virulensi bakteri Xoo. Hasil pengumpulan daun sakit HDB diperoleh sebanyak 131 sampel. Hasil isolasi bakteri Xoo dari sampel tersebut diperoleh sebanyak 126 isolat bakteri Xoo. Hasil pengujian patotipe terhadap varietas diferensial dari isolat bakteri Xoo yang diperoleh menunjukkan sebanyak 30 isolat (23,8%) tergolong patotipe III, 43 isolat (34,1%) patotipe IV, dan 53 isolat (42,1%) patotipe VIII

Komposisi Dan Sebaran Patotipe Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae Di Sentra Produksi Padi Di Sumatera Selatan

A study was carried out to identify the composition and distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathotypes in rice crops in South Sumatera, during the 2012 planting season. Three activities were conducted, namely collection of rice leaf samples from the field, isolation of Xoo from the leaf samples in the laboratory, and testing pathotypes of the Xoo in the screen house. Rice leaves showing typical bacterial leaf blight (BLB) symptom were collected from various farmers' fields. The samples were detached and put into paper envelopes, and taken to the laboratory for isolation of Xoo, at the Laboratory of Pythopathology of Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Sukamandi. Pathotype testing was done in the ICRR screen house by inoculating the leaves of five differential rice varieties with inocula of the Xoo isolates collected. Resistances of the rice differential varieties were determined based on the BLB disease severity. Inoculated plant with disease severity <11% was considered resistant (R) and disease severity >11% was susceptible (S). From 122 samples of rice leaf infected with BLB collected from the rice production centers in South Sumatera, one hundred and twelve Xoo isolates were obtained from the isolation. The Xoo pathotype identification showed that pathotype III was the most dominant in South Sumatera during the 2012 planting season (67 isolates or 60.0%) followed by pathotype IV (28 isolates or 25%), and pathotype VIII (17 isolates or 15.0%)

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menghafal Al-Quran melalui Media Website di SMP Baitul Qur'an Boarding School Kabupaten Sragen

Kemampuan menghafal Al-Quran merupakan suatu kewajiban peserta didik yang menempuh pendidikan di SMP Baitul Quran Boarding School Sragen. Peserta didik diwajibkan menghafal Al-Quran sebanyak 11 juz dengan rincian kelas VII sebanyak 4 juz, kelas VIII sebanyak 3 juz, dan kelas IX 4 juz. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis (1) pencapaian peserta didik dalam menghafal Al-Quran dengan metode konvensional dan (2) penggunaan media yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menghafal Al-Quran. Subyek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VII SMP Baitul Quran Boading School Sragen. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data interaktif model meliputi koleksi data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan memverivikasi data. Hasil penelitian diperoleh (1) peserta didik kelas VII dalam menghafal Al-Quran mencapai 12-13 halaman setiap bulannya, (2) kemampuan menghafal Al-Quran dengan media website mencapai 4-5 halaman dalam waktu 12 jam

Komposisi Dan Sebaran Patotipe Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae, Penyakit Pada Padi Di Nusa Tenggara Barat

A study was carried out to identify the composition and distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathotypes on rice crop in West Nusa Tenggara, during the 2012 planting season. Three activities were conducted, namely collection of rice leaf samples from the fields, isolation of Xoo from the leaf samples at the laboratory, and testing pathotypes of Xoo at the screen house. Rice leaves showing typical bacterial leaf blight (BLB) symptom were collected from various farmers' fields. The samples were detached and put into paper envelopes, and were taken to the laboratory for isolation of Xoo, at the Laboratory of Pythopathology of Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi. Pathotype testing was done in the ICRR screen house by inoculating the leaves of five differential rice varieties using inocula of the Xoo isolates. Resistance of the rice differential varieties was determined based on the BLB disease severity. Inoculated plant with disease severity ≤11% was considered resistant (R) and disease severity >11% was susceptible (S). From the 240 samples of rice leaf infected with BLB collected from West Nusa Tenggara, 232 Xoo isolates were obtained. The Xoo pathotype identification showed that pathotype IV was the most dominant in West Nusa Tenggara during the 2012 planting season, numbering 118 isolates or 51.0% out of the total isolates, followed by pathotype VIII (67 isolates or 29.0%), and pathotype III (47 isolates or 20.0%)

Karakterisasi Sifat Morfologi Dan Ketahanan Terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri Pada Beberapa Varietas Padi

Bacterial leaf blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) is common disease on rice crop in Indonesia. Resistance variety when available, would be a good control measure to the disease, which could be easily adopted by farmers. Source of gene for resistance needs to be identified among rice genotypes, to be used as parents in the breeding program. This research was aimed to characterize the morphological traits and the degree of resistance among rice genotypes against Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII. The experiment was conducted at Sukamandi experimental field of Indonesian Center for Rice Research, during the wet season of 2012/2013 and dry season of 2013, using a randomized factorial design. The first factor was three Xoo pathotypes i.e. pathotype III, IV, and VIII, the second factor was 20 rice genotypes including three check varieties, i.e. Ciherang, Inpari 13, and Angke. Observations of morphological and agronomic characters were done on rice plants started from primordial to grain ripening phase. Observations on BLB disease severity were done by measuring the longest symptoms on the leaves at two, three, and four weeks after inoculation. The morphological characters of the isogenic lines showed moderate leaf surface type with an open habitus (60o). Plant height ranged from 99 to 190 cm, maturity between 109 to 157 days after sowing, and the number of tillers was 9-23 tillers/hill. Against the Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII, three genotypes of near isogenic lines i.e. IRBB 60, IRBB 61, and IRBB 55 each was resistance, not significantly different from resistance check variety Angke, in two cropping seasons. All three isogenic lines can be used as parent to develop new resistant variety to bacterial leaf blight