On heavy metal pollution from a suburban road network

In the context of urban diffuse pollution a suburban road acts as a potential source of toxic pollutants among which heavy metals are very common, are found at elevated concentrations and are generally persistent. With a lack of detailed understanding of metal emission patterns on suburban roads, a detailed study is therefore essential for gaining an improved understanding to plug the knowledge gap in terms of urban diffuse pollution management. The present understanding of pollutant build-up and wash-off processes on road surfaces elucidates that these processes are highly site specific and are hard to generalise in certain aspects. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise heavy metal emissions and associated pollution levels at several road sites on the Riccarton Campus road network using road sediment collected during dry and wet weather periods. The heavy metal concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, are believed to be greatly toxic and are highly abundant in road traffic environments, were determined by strong nitric acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry. The study revealed that the pollutant build-up and wash-off processes were site specific and so also were the derived local build-up and wash-off parameters, as expected. However, these derived parameters were very different from those used in common urban drainage models suggesting that the default values are (significantly) inappropriate for the studied road network. The quantification of heavy metals in road sediments displayed significantly higher concentrations than local background concentrations. Their concentrations between weather types were found in the order of runoff, snow and dry road sediment, and also varied between sampling sites according to site-specific attributes, such as road lay-out inured traffic movement pattern, road surface condition and presence of road paint rather than due to traffic volume alone. The concentrations of all metals except Pb were significantly higher in finer sediment sizes than in larger sediment sizes. Correlation analyses revealed a similar pattern showing a greater number of statistically significant associations between metals in finer sediment sizes. An assessment of heavy metal contamination indicated that road sediment may likely pose a moderate to considerable level of ecological risk, if transported to the nearby water environment in the study area. The assimilation of the knowledge gained in this study should help to improve current understanding of environmental pollution from suburban roads and to provide better guidance for selecting appropriate control measures under the framework of sustainable urban drainage systems

On certain new notion of order Cauchy sequences, continuity in (l)-group

[EN] In this paper, we introduce the notions of order quasi-Cauchy sequences, downward and upward order quasi-Cauchy sequences, order half Cauchy sequences. Next we consider an associated idea of continuity namely, ward order continuous functions [2] and investigate certain interesting results. The entire investigation is performed in (l)-group setting to extend the recent results in [5, 6].Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, HRDG, IndiaPal, SK.; Chakraborty, S. (2022). On certain new notion of order Cauchy sequences, continuity in (l)-group. Applied General Topology. 23(1):55-68. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2022.16126OJS556823

Phase coexistence and associated non-equilibrium dynamics under simultaneously applied magnetic field and pressure

A quantitative estimation of the effect of simultaneously applied external pressure (P) and magnetic field (H) on the phase coexistence has been presented for Pr0.5Ca0.5Mn0.975Al0.025O3 and La0.5Ca0.5MnO3, where the ferromagnetic (FM)-metal and antiferromagnetic (AFM)-insulator phases compete in real space. We found that the nonequilibrium dynamics across the FM-AFM transition is primarily dictated by the effect of P and H on the supercooling, superheating temperatures, and the nucleation and growth rate of the equilibrium phase. These effects across the transition is also responsible for the relative volume fraction of the competing phases at low temperature. Importantly in the entire magnetic field-pressure-temperature range of phase coexistence, the interface between the two competing phases having different spin and structural order plays a very important role in controlling the non-equilibrium dynamics

Uniqueness of meromorphic functions that share Two Sets

In this note, we present one uniqueness theorem which shows how two meromorphic functions are uniquely determined by their two finite shared sets. These sharing sets are a new kind of pair of finite range sets in $\mathbb{C}$ for meromorphic functions corresponding to their uniqueness. Moreover, we answered a question positively raised in (\cite{1}).Comment: 9 page

Further Investigations on Weighted Value Sharing and Uniqueness of Meromorphic Functions

In this short manuscript, we will put some light on the different outcomes when two non-constant meromorphic functions share a value with prescribed weight two.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1608.02125 by other author

Construction of Gene Regulatory Networks Using Recurrent Neural Networks and Swarm Intelligence

We have proposed a methodology for the reverse engineering of biologically plausible gene regulatory networks from temporal genetic expression data. We have used established information and the fundamental mathematical theory for this purpose. We have employed the Recurrent Neural Network formalism to extract the underlying dynamics present in the time series expression data accurately. We have introduced a new hybrid swarm intelligence framework for the accurate training of the model parameters. The proposed methodology has been first applied to a small artificial network, and the results obtained suggest that it can produce the best results available in the contemporary literature, to the best of our knowledge. Subsequently, we have implemented our proposed framework on experimental (in vivo) datasets. Finally, we have investigated two medium sized genetic networks (in silico) extracted from GeneNetWeaver, to understand how the proposed algorithm scales up with network size. Additionally, we have implemented our proposed algorithm with half the number of time points. The results indicate that a reduction of 50% in the number of time points does not have an effect on the accuracy of the proposed methodology significantly, with a maximum of just over 15% deterioration in the worst case