Additional file 2: of Toxoplasma gondii alters NMDAR signaling and induces signs of Alzheimer’s disease in wild-type, C57BL/6 mice

Figure S2. T. gondii induces Aβ immunoreactivity. A. Representative × 20 magnification images from control brains and brains from mice orally infected with 10 ME49 cysts for 30 (top) and 60 days (bottom). The inset shows a close-up image at × 63 magnification. Tissue sections were fixed and stained with an anti-T. gondii antibody BAG1 (red) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). A comparable brain section from the same animal was stained with a mouse anti-beta amyloid antibody (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 50 μm. B. Representative × 20 magnification images from control brains and brains from mice orally infected with 10 ME49 cysts for 60 days. Tissue sections from the same animals used in A were fixed and stained with a human anti-beta amyloid antibody, 6E10 (green) and an anti-T. gondii antibody BAG1 (red) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). A separate set of sections from T. gondii-infected brains were stained with isotype controls (mouse IgG and Rabbit IgG) to control for the specificity of the 6E10 and BAG-1 antibodies, respectively. A different set of sections from T. gondii-infected brains were stained for fluorescent secondary antibodies (anti-mouse 488 and Texas-Red anti-rabbit) to control for their specificity. Scale bar: 50 μm. (JPEG 303 kb

Additional file 1: of Toxoplasma gondii alters NMDAR signaling and induces signs of Alzheimer’s disease in wild-type, C57BL/6 mice

Figure S1. Specificity of the 6E10 and BAG-1 antibodies. Representative × 20 magnification images from control brains and brains from mice orally infected with 10 ME49 cysts for 60 days. Brains were collected after perfusion with ice-cold PBS. Control and infected brains were fixed and stained with a human anti-beta amyloid antibody, 6E10 (green) and an anti-T. gondii antibody BAG1 (red) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). A separate set of sections from T. gondii-infected brains were stained with isotype controls (mouse IgG and Rabbit IgG) to control for the specificity of the 6E10 and BAG-1 antibodies, respectively. A different set of sections from T. gondii-infected brains were stained for fluorescent secondary antibodies (anti-mouse 488 and Texas-Red anti-rabbit) to control for their specificity. Scale bar: 50 μm. (JPEG 114 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S4. of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induces signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in wild-type mice and accelerates pathological signs of AD in an AD model

Positive pixel count of oil O-red staining in the liver of WT and APP-Tg mice fed with SD or HFD for 1 year. Fixed liver sections were stained with oil O-red and positive pixels (red) were counted using Zen Software. **indicates p < 0.01. (two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test, n = 2)

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induces signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in wild-type mice and accelerates pathological signs of AD in an AD model

Brain sections from SD and HFD-fed WT mice at 2 months stained with Thioflavin S (Green). Sections were counter-stained with DAPI to visualize nuclei. Scale bar = 200 μm