Simulation of coastal winds along the central west coast of India using the MM5 mesoscale model

A high-resolution mesoscale numerical model (MM5) has been used to study the coastal atmospheric circulation of the central west coast of India, and Goa in particular. The model is employed with three nested domains. The innermost domain of 3 km mesh covers Goa and the surrounding region. Simulations have been carried out for three different seasons-northeast (NE) monsoon, transition period and southwest (SW) monsoon with appropriate physics options to understand the coastal wind system. The simulated wind speed and direction match well with the observations. The model winds show the presence of a sea breeze during the NE monsoon season and transition period, and its absence during the SW monsoon season. In the winter period, the synoptic flow is northeasterly (offshore) and it weakens the sea breeze (onshore flow) resulting in less diurnal variation, while during the transition period, the synoptic flow is onshore and it intensifies the sea breeze. During the northeast monsoon at an altitude of above 750 m, the wind direction reverses, and this is the upper return current, indicating the vertical extent of the sea breeze. A well-developed land sea breeze circulation occurs during the transition period, with vertical extension of 300 and 1,100 m, respectively

Supracutaneous locking compression plating for the management of humerus fracture in a dog

A dog was presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkalai with a history of nonweight bearing lameness on left forelimb and was diagnosed as humerus fracture. Supracutaneous locking compression plating was carried out after open reduction under general anaesthesia. Periodic clinical and radiographic evaluations were conducted at two weeks interval for a period of six weeks until the plate removal. Physiological and haematological parameters were within the normal range. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was high at the time of presentation and decreased progressively. The dog returned to sound gait, normal weight bearing and satisfactory functional limb usage by sixth post operative week. The fracture healed with periosteal and endosteal callus. The implant was intact and patient acceptance was satisfactory throughout the observation period

Evaluation of keeping quality of canine platelet rich plasma under different storage conditions

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy is an integral part of regenerative medicine as the platelets possess a good healing capacity owing to the presence of a wide variety of growth factors in the platelet granules found in the cytoplasm of the platelet. Autologous PRP was prepared from the blood of the patient itself, without any preservatives. Storage of PRP was one of the main hurdles of the treatment modality. During storage, the platelet counts may get reduced, undergo activation or get contaminated with bacteria as no preservatives are used in the preparation of autologous PRP. Cytological changes and microbial quality of the PRP during storage at 4oC and -20oC for seven days were analysed in this study. Reduction in platelet count and the chance of microbial contamination were less when autologous PRP was stored at -20°C compared to 4°C

Effects of intravenous lignocaine on anaesthetic parameters in cattle under dexmedetomidine-butorphanol-ketaminemidazolam- isofluraneanaesthesia

The present study was conducted for clinical evaluation of a multimodal anaesthetic protocol using butorphanol-dexmedetomidine-midazolam-ketamine-isoflurane and lignocaine continuous rate infusion (CRI) in six cross-bred female cattle. Preanaesthetics used were butorphanol and dexmedetomidine which were administered intravenously at dose rates of 0.05 mg/kg and 1 μg/ kg body weight, respectively. Ketamine and midazolam were intravenously administered at dose rates of 4.0 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight respectively, to induce anaesthesia. Isoflurane was used to maintain anaesthesia after endotracheal intubation, at a concentration of 1.05 ± 0.97 per cent concentration in 100 per cent oxygen using a large animal anaesthesia machine. Simultaneously, intravenous lignocaine was administered at a bolus dose of 2 mg/kg body weight followed by a CRI of 3 mg/kg body weight/hour using a volumetric infusion pump. Isoflurane sparing effect of intravenous lignocaine reduced the required concentration of isoflurane for maintenance. The third plane of surgical anaesthesia was maintained and various surgical procedures were done. Recovery was smooth. Other than the mild regurgitation of ruminal fluid in an animal, no anaesthetic complications were noticed

Study of risk factors and clinicopathological findings associated with urethral obstruction in tom cats in Kerala

Twelve clinical cases of urethral obstruction in tom cats presented to University Veterinary Hospitals of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University at Kokkalai and Mannuthythat had undergone urinary diversion procedures on the day of presentation were selected for the study. Signalment and anamnesis of the animals were studied to find the risk factors associated with urethral obstruction. The prevalence of urethral obstruction was found to be higher in uncastrated Persian breed of cats,which were one to two years of age. All cats had history of being fed with dry commercial diet, lowered water intake and living indoor. The stress factors identified were inter-cat conflict, fear, relocation, presence of guests and change in owner’s routine. Haematobiochemical profile of these cats revealed significant changes in haematocrit and total erythrocyte count values.Elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus and potassium were observed which significantly reduced following bladder evacuation. Urinalysis revealed haematuria, proteinuria,leukocyturia and struvituriaas frequently encountered findings in tom cats with urethral obstruction

Haemato-biochemical and trichographic studies on mucocutaneous lesions in dogs

The present study was carried out with the objective of assessment of haematobiochemical and trichographic features of mucocutaneous lesions in dogs. Dogs presented with mucocutaneous lesions associated with various dermatological conditions were included in the study. Mange, atopic dermatitis, dermatophytosis, juvenile cellulitis, pyoderma and hypothyroidism with secondary Malassezia dermatitis were presented with mucocutaneous lesions in the perioral, periorbital and in the nostrils with least involvement of anogenital region. Haemato-biochemical analysis revealed anaemia, non-significant increase in total leucocyte count, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, elevated platelet count, hyperproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Elevated serum C-reactive protein was evident in all cases. Trichographic features revealed that highest number of hairs were included in the telogen phase of hair cycle with greater number of primary hairs. Hair fractures were evident in 20.8 per cent of hairs and trichoptilosis of hair tip was observed in 50.8 per cent of hairs studied. Demodex mites could be detected by hair pluck examination in all cases of demodicosis

Evaluation of tumour associated macrophages in different histopathological types and grades of canine mammary tumours

Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the second highest reported tumours in female dogs, following skin tumours. Human breast cancers (HBCs) and CMTs share common clinical and molecular features and hence, CMTs are considered as ideal models to study the different aspects of HBC. The study utilised samples from 25 CMT suspected cases presented to University Veterinary Hospitals in Thrissur district from December 2020 to October 2021. The tumour samples were analysed histopathologically and the lesions were classified. Among the 25 cases, one was identified as ductal hyperplasia, one as a benign myxoma and all the others were found to be malignant neoplasms. Malignant tumours were further categorised into different histotypes.Histological Malignancy Grading (HMG) was also done in 23 malignant CMTs and 21.74 percent were found to be of grade I, 47.83 per cent were grade II and 30.43 per cent were grade III. Majority of the malignant tumours were simple carcinomas which comprised tubulopapillary, ductal, cribriform, solid and comedocarcinomas. Highly aggressive tumours like cribriform, solid, comedo and inflammatory carcinomas belonged to higher grades, either II or III. Infiltration of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) was studied in different histotypes and grades of CMTs. It was identified that malignant high grade CMTs had greater TAM infiltration and hence, with further validation TAMs could be effectively used in predicting prognosis and also as a therapeutic target

Coastal sea level response to the tropical cyclonic forcing in the northern Indian Ocean

The study examines the observed storm-generated sea level variation due to deep depression (event 1: E1) in the Arabian Sea from 26 November to 1 December 2011 and a cyclonic storm "THANE" (event 2: E2) over the Bay of Bengal during 25–31 December 2011. The sea level and surface meteorological measurements collected during these extreme events exhibit strong synoptic disturbances leading to storm surges of up to 43 cm on the west coast and 29 cm on the east coast of India due to E1 and E2. E1 generated sea level oscillations at the measuring stations on the west coast (Ratnagiri, Verem and Karwar) and east coast (Mandapam and Tuticorin) of India with significant energy bands centred at periods of 92, 43 and 23 min. The storm surge is a well-defined peak with a half-amplitude width of 20, 28 and 26 h at Ratnagiri, Verem and Karwar, respectively. However, on the east coast, the sea level oscillations during Thane were similar to those during calm period except for more energy in bands centred at periods of ~ 100, 42 and 24 min at Gopalpur, Gangavaram and Kakinada, respectively. The residual sea levels from tide gauge stations in Arabian Sea have been identified as Kelvin-type surges propagating northwards at a speed of ~ 6.5 m s−1 with a surge peak of almost constant amplitude. Multi-linear regression analysis shows that the local surface meteorological data (daily mean wind and atmospheric pressure) is able to account for ~ 57 and ~ 69% of daily mean sea level variability along the east and west coasts of India. The remaining part of the variability observed in the sea level may be attributed to local coastal currents and remote forcin

B-mode and Doppler ultrasound features of mammary neoplasms and their comparison with normal mammary glands in dogs

Canine mammary neoplasms are naturally occurring non-homogenous group of tumours with many resemblances to human breast cancer. In female dogs mammary tumours are of great clinical relevance due to the high prevalence and mortality rate, which varies according to the histopathological classification and clinical stage. The aim of the study was to compare the ultrasonographic features of the normal mammary gland with benign and malignant mammary neoplasms in dogs, through assessed by B-mode and Doppler mode ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic examination of seven normal mammary glands along with six benign and 12 malignant mammary neoplasms were performed. Among the parameters evaluated by B-Mode ultrasonography, significant differences were found (p < 0.01) in the tumour margin and invasiveness of neoplasms, where malignant tumours were invasive with uncircumscribed margin. Significant difference was also found in the presence of posterior acoustic enhancement (p<0.05) between benign and malignant mammary neoplasms. Elevated peak systolic velocity of blood flow within the tumour vessels in malignant mammary neoplasm was the only feature assessed with Doppler mode having significant difference