An in-vitro Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Properties of Allmanda Cathartica L. Latex Green NPs on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (NPs) by green route approaches has advantages over conventional methods. In green synthesis, we use eco-friendly plant extracts contain secondary metabolites and bioactive components, proteins that act as both reducing and capping agents, form stable and shape-controlled green silver nanoparticles. The current study deals with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous latex extract of Allmanda cathartica. The green silver nanoparticles are characterized by using different spectroscopic methods like ultra violet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicated that the crystalline natured particles were spherical shaped with an average of 35 nm in size, and that the stability of silver nanoparticles was due to its high negative zeta potential of –27.6 mV. The current study also revealed that green silver nanoparticles had very good genotoxic and cytotoxic activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Leukemia leads to the development of high numbers of white blood cells, which is one of the major types of cancers that affect children. Many of the chemicals used for the treatment produce remarkable side effects. To overcome this problem, we made an attempt to see the efficacy of latex green silver nanoparticle on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation, which leads to the development of future therapeutic drugs

Unravelling the genomic origins of lumpy skin disease virus in recent outbreaks

Abstract Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus and family Poxviridae. LSDV was endemic in most of Africa, the Middle East and Turkey, but since 2015, several outbreaks have been reported in other countries. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing approach to investigate the origin of the outbreak and understand the genomic landscape of the virus. Our study showed that the LSDV strain of 2022 outbreak exhibited many genetic variations compared to the Reference Neethling strain sequence and the previous field strains. A total of 1819 variations were found in 22 genome sequences, which includes 399 extragenic mutations, 153 insertion frameshift mutations, 234 deletion frameshift mutations, 271 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 762 silent SNPs. Thirty-eight genes have more than 2 variations per gene, and these genes belong to viral-core proteins, viral binding proteins, replication, and RNA polymerase proteins. We highlight the importance of several SNPs in various genes, which may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of LSDV. Phylogenetic analysis performed on all whole genome sequences of LSDV showed two types of variants in India. One group of the variant with fewer mutations was found to lie closer to the LSDV 2019 strain from Ranchi while the other group clustered with previous Russian outbreaks from 2015. Our study highlights the importance of genomic characterization of viral outbreaks to not only monitor the frequency of mutations but also address its role in pathogenesis of LSDV as the outbreak continues