Correlation between Distribution of Water Fluoride and Fluorosis in the villages of Mahendergarh district, Haryana- India

Fluoride plays a very important role in preventing dental carries and is beneficial for dental enamel. But fluoride is valuable for health only when if it is used in a small amount within the allowable limit. Its excessiveness causes a number of side effects for human health such as fluorosis. According to WHO recommendation in 2011, fluoride level in drinking water is 1.5 mg/l. In everyday life, drinking water is considered as major source of fluoride. Most of the residents of Mahendergarh district of Haryana in India depend on ground water for their drinking purposes. This study has been conducted to examine the dental fluorosis among govt. school children in the villages of the study area. The fluorosis data were collected from different blocks of Mahendergarh district from school going children aged between 6 to 11 years old. A face-to-face interview of school children from class-3rd to class-5th has been carried out. A total of 43 villages were selected for dental fluorosis analysis. 25 villages were selected where the fluoride level is more than 1.5 mg/l and 18 villages were chosen where fluoride level was less than 1.5 mg/l. A survey was carried out among 1196 school going children for oral examination of dental fluorosis. School children were examined with the help of an expert of dental fluorosis. The study revealed that children of Sihma, Mahendergarh, Narnaul and Nangal Chaudhary blocks are the most affected with dental fluorosis. It was found that 33.3% children were affected with dental fluorosis in high fluoride zone, while only 7.36% children were suffering from dental fluorosis below permissible area (below 1.5mg/l). The study also reveals the positive correlation between water fluoride and fluorosis

The Problem of Regional Disparities: An Overview in Indian Context

The contemporary world is growing rapidly in the field of urbanization, liberalization, globalisation and modernization, but on the other hand, all this development has emerged a worldwide phenomenon regarding regional disparity. Regional disparity is a common fact in both developing and developed   economies. Across India\u27s different regions and states, development and growth has not been distributed fairly and has given rise to the threat of regional inequality. In India, each of 28 states has its own disparities regarding socio-economic indicators with other states; among them few states e.g. Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, etc. have already attained rapid economic development Whereas, other regions or states e.g. Bihar, Odisha and Jharkhand, etc. have attained less development. India is a diverse nation with a massive population disparity in social and economic development, employment, and infrastructure facilities across the regions and within regions that have been a major challenge to policymakers and economists. Main objective of the study is to understand the concept of regional imbalances. The paper highlights the causes and consequences of disparities in inter-regions, inter-state and intra-regions in India.  The paper describes also the measurements implemented by Indian policy makers in India to reduce the problem. The paper reveals suggestions to reduce the disparities in Indian context

Mitigation of Fluoride Contamination from Drinking Water through Fluoride Removal Techniques: A Review

Water is the most vital natural resource for the survival of human being and environment on the earth surface. But Fluoride contamination of water has become a widespread and serious problem all over the world including India. Supplying the right amount of fluoride to drinking water protects the teeth from decay and reduces the risk of cavities. Exposure to fluoride beyond the recommended level for longer duration causes both dental and skeletal fluorosis. Health is the most important issue for the citizens of any country and consequently healthy citizens are the perfect and biggest assets for a nation. This paper reveals the techniques of Eradication of excessive fluoride from water.  Various alleviation programmes and strategies to regulator the fluorosis and to eliminate the fluoride from water have been piloted all over the world using defluoridation.  Nalgonda procedure is one of the well-known strategies generally utilized for defluoridation of water as a part of developing nations, for example, India, Kenya, Senegal and Tanzania. Among different techniques utilized for defluoridation of water, the adsorption procedure is broadly utilized

CEO succession and the CEO’s commitment to the status quo

Chief executive officer (CEO) commitment to the status quo (CSQ) is expected to play an important role in any firm’s strategic adaptation. CSQ is used often as an explanation for strategic change occurring after CEO succession: new CEOs are expected to reveal a lower CSQ than established CEOs. Although widely accepted in the literature, this relationship remains imputed but unobserved. We address this research gap and analyze whether new CEOs reveal lower CSQ than established CEOs. By analyzing the letters to the shareholders of German HDAX firms, we find empirical support for our hypothesis of a lower CSQ of newly appointed CEOs compared to established CEOs. However, our detailed analyses provide a differentiated picture. We find support for a lower CSQ of successors after a forced CEO turnover compared to successors after a voluntary turnover, which indicates an influence of the mandate for change on the CEO’s CSQ. However, against the widespread assumption, we do not find support for a lower CSQ of outside successors compared to inside successors, which calls for deeper analyses of the insiderness of new CEOs. Further, our supplementary analyses propose a revised tenure effect: the widely assumed relationship of an increase in CSQ when CEO tenure increases might be driven mainly by the event of CEO succession and may not universally and continuously increase over time, pointing to a “window of opportunity” to initiate strategic change shortly after the succession event. By analyzing the relationship between CEO succession and CEO CSQ, our results contribute to the CSQ literature and provide fruitful impulses for the CEO succession literature

Study on Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Acute Abdomen

Background: Acute abdominal pain in the cause of large numbers of Hospital admissions. Patients of any age group may be affected. It constitutes major portion of emergency surgical admissions. Urgent resuscitation and evaluation are required in these patients to come to a diagnosis so that immediate treatment can be started. Materials and Methods:In this study 1000 patients were studied. Their age, sex, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings and radiological features were taken into consideration. All these data were recorded and analysed.Results: Patients of any age group and either sex, male or female were having acute abdomen. Out of the various causes of acute abdomen peptic perforation was the most common cause of acute abdomen and ureteric colic was the least common cause. Sudden severe abdominal pain was the main presenting feature in all the cases. Conclusion:Abdominal pain in the common symptom for a group conditions having acute abdomen. Urgent and proper diagnosis should be made to decrease morbidity and mortality of the patients

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Not AvailableThe field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur with the objectives to find out the combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on grain yield, productivity and profitability of wheat crop. The 10 treatments were tested in Randomized Block Design with three replication. T1- Control, T2 - RDF (150:60:40 NPK Kg/ha), T3 - 125% RDF, T4 - RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha, T5 - RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, T6 - RDF + FYM @ 5t/ ha, T7 - RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha, T8 - RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + Azotobacter, T9 - RDF + FYM @ 5t/ha + Azotobacter, and T10 - RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + FYM @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter. Result showed that the treatment T10 produced higher yield attributes and grain yield than rest of the treatment. The higher yield led to higher NPK uptake by wheat. Further, the available NPK and Organic Carbon (%) content of soil also increased in above integration of organic and inorganic fertilizer along with bio-fertilizer strain over control as well as chemical fertilizers alone. The highest net return (INR/ha 53882) and benefit : cost (1.23) was also obtained from the application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + FYM @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter and lowest from control (21873) and (0.74), respectively.Not Availabl