296 research outputs found
Factors affecting paternal adjustment during the transition to parenthood
An emerging body of research is identifying factors which put individuals at risk for experiencing a difficult adjustment during the transition to parenthood. The purpose of this study was to test a model for the prediction and identification of paternal risk factors. Forty seven couples expecting their first child were the subjects. Questionnaires which assessed paternal expectations regarding parenthood and prenatal marital satisfaction were administered in the third trimester of their wife\u27s pregnancy. Two months postpartum, a second questionnaire was administered which included measures of paternal violated expectations, paternal postpartum marital satisfaction, paternal stress, infant temperament, maternal marital satisfaction, maternal postpartum depression, the presence of external support and maternal change in employment status. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify which variables significantly predicted the presence of postpartum paternal stress. In general, two hypotheses were supported. Paternal postpartum stress was predicted by (1) higher quality of paternal marital satisfaction assessed prenatally, and (2) infants\u27 whose temperaments were paternally assessed as slowly adaptable, less persistent, and more distractable. Statistically significant bivariate correlations were also identified among the predictor variables. Paternal prenatal marital satisfaction was positively correlated with maternal and paternal postpartum marital satisfaction, and a higher incidence of paternal violated expectations. A higher quality of maternal marital satisfaction was correlated with a lower incidence of maternal postpartum depression. Various infant temperament subscales were correlated with other temperament subscales and with some of the predictor variables. The clinical and research implications associated the findings of this study were discussed
Stability and Instability of Relativistic Electrons in Classical Electro magnetic Fields
The stability of matter composed of electrons and static nuclei is
investigated for a relativistic dynamics for the electrons given by a suitably
projected Dirac operator and with Coulomb interactions. In addition there is an
arbitrary classical magnetic field of finite energy. Despite the previously
known facts that ordinary nonrelativistic matter with magnetic fields, or
relativistic matter without magnetic fields is already unstable when the fine
structure constant, is too large it is noteworthy that the combination of the
two is still stable provided the projection onto the positive energy states of
the Dirac operator, which defines the electron, is chosen properly. A good
choice is to include the magnetic field in the definition. A bad choice, which
always leads to instability, is the usual one in which the positive energy
states are defined by the free Dirac operator. Both assertions are proved here.Comment: LaTeX fil
Assessment and Suggestions to Improve the Commercial Building Module of EIA-NEMS
Over the last 7 years, the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) of Texas A&M University built up an extensive database of monitored hourly energy use data in about 150 institutional, hospital and state and governmental buildings as a part of the LoanSTAR energy monitoring program. Further, the ESL has acquired expertise in commercial buildings simulations as well as in related technology improvements. This study included two tasks. First, the NEMS CSD-EUI matrix data for the Texas region was compared to those determined from end-use monitored data from the Texas LoanSTAR database. Second, the interaction effects between lighting and heating and cooling energy use for seven different building categories in three different geographic locations were characterized using the ASEAM building simulation software.The National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) is a comprehensive, computer-based, energy-economy modeling system developed and maintained by the Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (EIA). NEMS forecasts the national production, imports, conversion, consumption, and prices of energy out to 2015, subject to macroeconomic assumptions, world energy markets, resource availability and costs, technological developments, and behavioral and technological choice criteria. NEMS has nine program modules of which the Commercial Sector Demand (CSD) module is one. Currently the CSD module uses a matrix of Energy Use Intensities (EUls) gleaned from the 1989 CBECS database to model service demand per major fuel type for eight different geographic census divisions and eleven different building types
The exact Darwin Lagrangian
Darwin (1920) noted that when radiation can be neglected it should be
possible to eliminate the radiation degrees-of-freedom from the action of
classical electrodynamics and keep the discrete particle degrees-of-freedom
only. Darwin derived his well known Lagrangian by series expansion in
keeping terms up to order . Since radiation is due to acceleration the
assumption of low speed should not be necessary. A Lagrangian is suggested that
neglects radiation without assuming low speed. It cures deficiencies of the
Darwin Lagrangian in the ultra-relativistic regime.Comment: 2.5 pages, no figure
Ionization Potential of the Helium Atom
Ground state ionization potential of the He^4 atom is evaluated to be 5 945
204 221 (42) MHz. Along with lower order contributions, this result includes
all effects of the relative orders alpha^4, alpha^3*m_e/m_alpha and
alpha^5*ln^2(alpha).Comment: 4 page
Effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial
High-protein diet is a promising strategy for diabetes treatment supporting body weight control, improving glycaemic status, cardiovascular risk factors and reducing liver fat. Here, we investigated effects of diets high in animal (AP) or plant (PP) protein on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). 37 obese individuals (age 64.3 ± 1.0 years) with T2DM were randomized to an isocaloric diet (30 energy(E)% protein, 30E% fat and 40E% carbohydrates) rich in AP or PP for 6 weeks. Markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress and antioxidant status in plasma and nitrate/nitrite levels in urine were assessed. Gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was analyzed by RNA-Seq and real-time PCR.Both AP and PP diets similarly reduced plasma levels of malondialdehyde (P(AP) = 0.003, P(PP) = 1.6x10(-4)) and protein carbonyls (P(AP) = 1.2x10(-4), P(PP) = 3.0x10(-5)) over 6 weeks. Nitrotyrosine (NT) increased upon both AP and PP diets (PAP = 0.005,PPP = 0.004). SAT expression of genes involved in nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress metabolism and urine NO metabolite (nitrate/nitrite) levels were not changed upon both diets. Plasma levels of carotenoids increased upon PP diet, whereas retinol, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol slightly decreased upon both diets. AP and PP diets similarly improve oxidative stress but increase nitrosative stress markers in individuals with T2DM. Mechanisms of the NT regulation upon high-protein diets need further investigation
Constraints on Light Pseudoscalars Implied by Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law
The exchange of light pseudoscalars between fermions leads to a
spin-independent potential in order g^4, where g is the Yukawa
pseudoscalar-fermion coupling constant. This potential gives rise to detectable
violations of both the weak equivalence principle (WEP) and the gravitational
inverse-square law (ISL), even if g is quite small. We show that when
previously derived WEP constraints are combined with those arisingfrom ISL
tests, a direct experimental limit on the Yukawa coupling of light
pseudoscalars to neutrons can be inferred for the first time (g_n^2/4pi < 1.6
\times 10^-7), along with a new (and significantly improved) limit on the
coupling of light pseudoscalars to protons.Comment: 12 pages, Revtex, with 1 Postscript figure (submitted to Physical
Review Letters
Coordinate-space approach to the bound-electron self-energy: Self-Energy screening calculation
The self-energy screening correction is evaluated in a model in which the
effect of the screening electron is represented as a first-order perturbation
of the self energy by an effective potential. The effective potential is the
Coulomb potential of the spherically averaged charge density of the screening
electron. We evaluate the energy shift due to a , ,
, or electron screening a , ,
, or electron, for nuclear charge Z in the range . A detailed comparison with other calculations is made.Comment: 54 pages, 10 figures, 4 table
Relativistic and QED corrections to the vibrational state of the molecular ion
Relativistic and QED corrections to the recently discovered first vibrational
state are presented. This state has an extremely small
nonrelativistic binding energy a.u. Its wave
functions has a maximum at a.u. and extends up to several
hundreds. It is shown that this state does not disappear if higher order
relativistic and QED corrections, including the Casimir--Polder effect, are
taken into account
Quantum Electrodynamics of the Helium Atom
Using singlet S states of the helium atom as an example, I describe precise
calculation of energy levels in few-electron atoms. In particular, a complete
set of effective operators is derived which generates O(m*alpha^6) relativistic
and radiative corrections to the Schr"odinger energy. Average values of these
operators can be calculated using a variational Schr"odinger wave function.Comment: 23 pages, revte
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