11,035 research outputs found
Path Gain Algebraic Formulation for the Scalar Linear Network Coding Problem
In the algebraic view, the solution to a network coding problem is seen as a
variety specified by a system of polynomial equations typically derived by
using edge-to-edge gains as variables. The output from each sink is equated to
its demand to obtain polynomial equations. In this work, we propose a method to
derive the polynomial equations using source-to-sink path gains as the
variables. In the path gain formulation, we show that linear and quadratic
equations suffice; therefore, network coding becomes equivalent to a system of
polynomial equations of maximum degree 2. We present algorithms for generating
the equations in the path gains and for converting path gain solutions to
edge-to-edge gain solutions. Because of the low degree, simplification is
readily possible for the system of equations obtained using path gains. Using
small-sized network coding problems, we show that the path gain approach
results in simpler equations and determines solvability of the problem in
certain cases. On a larger network (with 87 nodes and 161 edges), we show how
the path gain approach continues to provide deterministic solutions to some
network coding problems.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on
Information Theory (May 2010
Bilevel shared control for teleoperators
A shared system is disclosed for robot control including integration of the human and autonomous input modalities for an improved control. Autonomously planned motion trajectories are modified by a teleoperator to track unmodelled target motions, while nominal teleoperator motions are modified through compliance to accommodate geometric errors autonomously in the latter. A hierarchical shared system intelligently shares control over a remote robot between the autonomous and teleoperative portions of an overall control system. Architecture is hierarchical, and consists of two levels. The top level represents the task level, while the bottom, the execution level. In space applications, the performance of pure teleoperation systems depend significantly on the communication time delays between the local and the remote sites. Selection/mixing matrices are provided with entries which reflect how each input's signals modality is weighted. The shared control minimizes the detrimental effects caused by these time delays between earth and space
Is Africa Integrated in the Global Economy?
The popular impression that Africa has not integrated into world trade, as suggested by the evolution in simple indicators, has been called into question recently by more formal analysis. This paper refines and generalizes this analysis and lends support to the popular view of disintegration, but only for countries in Francophone Africa. These countries are currently underexploiting their trading opportunities and have witnessed disintegration over time, a trend that is most pronounced in their trade with technologically advanced countries. There is some evidence, on the other hand, that countries in Anglophone Africa are reversing the trend of disintegration, particularly in their trade with advanced countries. Copyright 2003, International Monetary Fund
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