Recurring peripheral ameloblastoma at mandibular premolar region: A case report

Peripheral ameloblastoma is an extraosseus type, rare form of ameloblastoma that proliferates on the soft tissue of tooth bearing region. It is usually an exophytic odontogenic tumour that exhibits with either smooth or irregular surface and is mainly located in the mandibular region namely the gingival area. This lesion is mainly limited by the periosteum but a larger lesion can have features of bony marginal saucerization as well as displacement of teeth. We hereby report a case of recurring peripheral ameloblastoma on the mandibular left premolar region in a 37 year-old Malay gentleman seen at the Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia

The anti-fungal effect of flax seed on oral candidiasis: comparative in-vitro study

Flaxseed is a natural product with a wide array of anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral and also antifungal properties. Flaxseed extracts; either oil or water based can be incorporated into pharmaceutical compounds to be used in clinical setting. This study aims to compare the in-vitro antifungal effectiveness of flaxseed extract against the commonly used synthetic compound, Nystatin. Methodically, antifungal effectiveness of flaxseed extract and Nystatin was tested upon the Candida albicans culture growth in petri dishes. Disc diffusion method was performed and the zones of inhibition around the disc within each petri dish were measured after 48 hours of incubation period. Oil-based and water-based flaxseed extract types were evaluated using disc diffusion method at different volume per disc (5μl, 10μl and 15μl) and its result was compared to Nystatin's effectiveness. The principle result shows that the oil-based extract exhibited no antifungal activity despite of the increasing quantity used. Interestingly the comparison of mean value for candidal growth inhibition diameter between flaxseed aqueous extract and Nystatin was significant based on p-value less than 0.05. Clearly, Candida albicans growth diameter mean value was greater with higher increment of flaxseed aqueous extract when compared to the Nystatin 100 units control test. The greatest zone of inhibition was seen with 15μl of flaxseed aqueous extract. Thus, water-based flaxseed extract has a great potential to be used as a clinical product to control oral fungal infection while eliminating the unwanted side effects commonly occurring with synthetic products

Potential antibacterial effects of flaxseed and Nigella sativa extracts on 11 streptococcus pyogenes

Antibiotic resistance is a major global problem, associated with inadvertent drug usage. Herbal interventions are a therapeutic strategy that warrants greater research attention. Flaxseed and Nigella sativa are well recognized original super foods that have demonstrated potent anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities. In the oral cavity, the bacterial population is a result of the dynamic relationship between pathogens and commensals Streptococcus pyogenes is an important global human Gram-positive pathogen that causes a wide variety of acute infections, it is highly virulent since it has the ability overcome the host defence system. This in vitro study aims to evaluate antimicrobial activity of flaxseed and Nigella sativa extract against S. pyogenes. Ethanolic extract of flaxseed and Nigella sativa extracts were prepared and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. pyogenes was estimated. The results of this study show that both extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes. Present study demonstrated the bactericidal activity of both extracts which can be an adjunct to the future natural anti-bacterial therapy

Early Management of Dental Trauma in the Era of COVID-19

Traumatic dental injuries are emergencies that must be treated promptly and properly to reduce the suffering, costs, and time for patients and parents. However, since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, most dental care facilities in the affected countries have been completely closed or have been only providing emergency treatment. This can partly be a result of the lack of universal protocol or guidelines regulating the dental care provision during such a pandemic, especially in the management of dental trauma. This lack of guidelines has the potential to both promote the spread of nosocomial COVID-19 through oral health care facilities and deny people in need of immediate treatment. Moreover, ceasing dental care provision during such a period will incense the burden on hospitals’ emergency departments that are already struggling with the pandemic. Therefore, this chapter elaborates on the importance of early management of dental trauma by sharing local guidelines and experience with a proposed algorithm for the early management of dental trauma during the emergence of COVID-19

Effect of visual exposure versus obstruction upon patient’s quantitative and qualitative stress parameters changes during minor oral Surgery

Objectives Dental anxiety is ultimately related to the fear of pain, more evidently seen in surgical dental procedures. This study aimed at comparing the stress parameter differences between patients undergoing minor oral surgery (MOS) with their eyes covered (closed) versus uncovered (open) at our center. Materials and Methods Twenty-three MOS patients were draped with eyes covered, while another 23 MOS patients were draped with eyes uncovered. Stress parameters such as systolic and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, random blood glucose, and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)- 6 questionnaire score were recorded accordingly in the different intervals; then statistically analyzed later. Results Closed eyes patients had significantly lower mean DBP and MAP (73.91 6.80/88.94 6.88mm Hg) as compared with open eyes patients intraoperatively. Though significant only in the postoperative phase, the closed eyes group had a relatively lowermean heart pulse rate than the open eyes group in all surgical intervals. Postoperatively, closed eyes patients had lower mean blood glucose level as compared with open eyes group. STAI mean score revealed a higher psychological stress for closed eyes patients versus open eyes patients. Conclusion Closed eyes patients displayed lower quantifiable physiological stress level as compared with patients undergoing MOS draped with eyes uncovered. However, in qualitative psychological context, closed eyes draped MOS patients responded poorly as compared with opened eyes draped patients under similar surgical stress

Linum usitatissimum antibacterial activity on Pseudomona Aerigenosa in-vitro study

Flaxseed comes from the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum), which has been cultivated for domestic use since prehistoric times. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium has the ability to survive in adverse environments and develop multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in vitro to the ethanolic extract obtained from flax seed. This is a laboratory experimental in vitro study using P. aeruginosa cultured in nutrient agar. The pathogen then was inoculated in nutrient based broth and incubated for 24hours. Flaxseed extract efficacy was tested by measurement of the zone of inhibition. The result of the extracts antimicrobial activities were compared with streptomycin as positive control and DMSO as negative control. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS19.There is positive antibacterial effects of flaxseed extract against Pseudomona Aerigenosa and it was comparable in efficacy to that of Streptomycin. This study concludes that flaxseed extract can help in inhibiting Pseudomona Aerigenosa activity. The implication of this result will be useful in propagating the use of natural based product as therapeutic drug against the chemical synthetic products. The results of the present study scientifically validate the inhibitory capacity of Linum usitatissimum as antibiotic against one of the most resistant pathogens and contribute towards the development of new treatment options based on natural products

The antibacterial effect of flaxseed extract on selective oral pathogens - comparative in vitro study

Introduction: Flaxseed from the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum), which has been cultivated for domestic use since prehistoric times. This study aims to investigate presence of antibacterial effect of flaxseed extract against selected oral pathogen in-vitro. Materials and Methods: This is a laboratory experimental in vitro study using selected oral pathogens cultured in nutrient agar. The pathogens then were inoculated in nutrient based broth and incubation for 24hours. Flaxseed extract efficacy was tested by measurement of the zone of inhibition. The antibacterial activities were compared with streptomycin as positive control and DMSO as negative control. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS. Results: There is positive antibacterial effects of flaxseed extract against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus Pyogenes, Pseudomona Aerigenosa and was comparable in efficacy to that of Streptomycin. Conclusion: This study concludes that flaxseed extract has antibacterial activity ageist selective oral pathogens. The implication of this result will be useful in propagating the use of natural based product as therapeutic drug against the chemicalsynthetic products. This study recommends the use of natural herbal product to have the equal potential while negating the unwanted side effects towards humans’ body

Nerve regeneration therapy and its application in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery

In oral and maxillofacial surgical discipline context; neurological injury often occurs to the trigeminal nerve as well as facial nerve caused by trauma, pathology, infection, inflammatory, and other orofacial surgical procedures. Most attention has been devoted to the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve as these nerves are commonly involved in routine dental procedures such as anesthetics block, root canal therapy, dental implant surgery and surgical removal of third molars or wisdom tooth. Side effect of these injuries ranges from anaesthesia, dysesthesia, paresthesia, facial paresis and even paralysis. Various surgical and non-surgical options are available to treat the above said conditions in order to allow repair and regeneration of the peripheral branches of facial and trigeminal nerves so as to improve the quality of life for patients. Surgical options include direct primary repair such neurorrhaphy via end-to-end approximation, biological and synthetic conduit-based guided regeneration or graft bridging and even coaptation. Non-surgical treatment is used as means to facilitate faster nerve end growth or axonal regeneration such as protein therapy, laser phototherapy and low frequency electric stimulation therapy. This presentation attempts to discuss the use of different options of nerve regeneration therapy and its relevance in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery

Condylar changes following vertical subsigmoid osteotomy in different setback magnitude

Objectives: This retrospective study aims to compare the effect of different mandibular setback amount by vertical subsigmoid osteotomy (VSSO) on the pattern of condylar remodelling in both metric and morphologic analysis at 1 year post surgery. Materials and Methods: 200 patients diagnosed of mandibular prognathism and had undergone VSSO with various setback amounts from 2007 until 2012 at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital were included in this study. Presurgical and 1 year post surgical Postero-Anterior Cephalogram, Lateral Cephalograms and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Scans were retrieved. Tracings of plain cephalometric radiographs were performed. CBCT data sets were used to create 3D condyles to measure the linear and condylar axis angle value in multiplanar view. Finally the pre and postsurgical 3D condyle-ramus units were superimposed using stable registration point in the condylar neck and ramal area above the lingual to assess the condylar bone remodelling by topographic and multiplanar slide views. Result: From the plain radiographic tracings, there were no significant differences in the changes of ramus inclination angle, intergonial width and total ramus angle between postoperative (T2) and preoperative (T1) values across the setback groups. A gradual increase in the postoperative sagittal condylar axis angle is detected with greater setback in the CBCT multiplanar analysis while other linear and angular condylar changes were not significantly different. 3D Topography (T2 -T1) superimposition analysis of the condylar surface showed no significant relation between the remodelling changes and the setback magnitude except at the superior posterior zone. Multiplanar view (T2-T1) superimposition analysis in the coronal and sagittal planes showed no significant relationship between the remodelling changes and the setback magnitude. However there was higher proportion of positive remodelling following higher setback amount at the midanterior and posteromedial zone in the axial plane. Conclusion: Condyle remodelling is noted to be positive and not detrimental following VSSO. The positive remodelling effect remains stable regardless of the amount of VSSO setback.published_or_final_versionDental SurgeryMasterMaster of Dental Surger