Aging of surfaces of solutions. Part VI. Surface aging of casein solutions

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Synthesis of naturally occurring partial methyl ethers of myricetin

The synthesis of combretol, annulatin, and europetin-naturally occurring partial methyl ethers of myricetin-is described. Condensation of 2, 4, 6-trihydroxy-ω-methoxyacetophenone with tri-O-methyl galloyl chloride or tri-O-benzyl galloyl chloride furnished the appropriate 3-methoxyflavones, which by a series of reactions furnished the natural myricetin derivatives

Spreading of casein and derivatives

1. Casein has been spread from its aqueous solutions by different methods and it has been found that the modified band method is the most suitable for the study of protein films. 2. Effect of salts on the spreading of casein has been studied. The results obtained can be explained on the basis that two different factors, solubility and the electric charge of the protein molecule influence spreading. 3. Treatment of the protein with formaldehyde causes a decrease in spreading. Change in pH affects spreading of formolised casein to a smaller degree. 4. Sodium metaphosphate diminishes markedly the spreading of casein. Trichloracetic acid, however, has no effect. 5. Deaminisation of casein alters the spreading properties and gives unstable films on acidulated water. No films can be got on distilled water. 6. The spreading properties of an isodisperse fraction of casein have been studied. The limiting area of this fraction has been found to be of the same order as that of the original material

Column flotation technology for the beneficiation of coking and non-coking coal fines

The importance of coal is bound to increase for the coming years with the growth of coal consuming industries. Power sector is the most potential consumer of the non-coking coal and for coking coal iron & steel sector remains the major consumer. In future, coal gasification which is successfully adopted in China, an advanced coal-based power generation technology has the potential to provide higher generating efficiency and can be adopted to efficiently burn India’s high-ash coals. In the present study investigations are carried out on coal fines for both coking and non coking coals by conventional and column flotation techniques to suit industrial applications. Coking coal sample is taken from Jamadoba area in Jharkhand and non-coking coal is drawn from coal belt in Central Coal Fields, Jharkhand. For both the coals detailed studies are in progress for optimizing the reagent consumption and to establish the feasibility of column flotation technology for producing low ash concentrates with reasonably high recoveries

Recovery of values from tailing ponds of iron ore washing plants

Most of the Iron ore washing plants set up in India in the earlier days consist of sizing of the ore by dry / wet screening, washing and classification by screw classifiers. In this classical approach, iron values were lost in the form of fines and utrafines into the tailing ponds as they had little commercial value in those days and accumulated in huge quantities over the years. As the high grade deposits are getting exhausted and the demand for high grade finer material for pellet making is ever increasing, focus is shifting towards recovering the values from the erstwhile tailing ponds by column flotation. This is also supposed to mitigate to certain extent the environmental problems caused by the ever expanding and unmanageable tailing dams. A case study is presented wherein a composite sample is prepared from samples drawn systematically from multi - locations in a sprawling tailing dam. Laboratory scale column flotation tests on this composite tailings sample, basically originating from two operating iron ore beneficiation plants of JSW Steel Ltd., one of the leading producers of steel in India, are found to be encouraging. De-sliming followed by reverse and cationic flotation tests using flotation column resulted in the concentrate of 61.88% Fe, 4.81% SiO2, 2.52% Al2O3 and 3.30% loss on ignition (LOI) from the tailings analysing 57.86% Fe, 7.10% SiO2, 3.52% Al2O3 and 6.14% LOI with 52% weight recovery. The causes for the quality improvement could be attributed to de-sliming of unliberated ultra fines of kaoline and hydrated iron oxides and their further reduction by efficient flotation process. The process and the cationic collector developed for this purpose are adopted in the new flotation plant created to treat these tailings

Search for physiologically active compounds. Part XXVII. Synthesis of 2-[4-(1, 3-diphenyl)-pyrazolyl]-3-methoxychromones

The synthesis of 2-[4-(1, 3-diphenyl)-pyrazolyl]-3-hydroxychromones has been carried out by AFO oxidation of 2-hydroxy-[4-(1, 3-diphenyl)-pyrazolylidine)-acetophenones. The pyrazolylidine acetophenones have been prepared by the condensation of o-hydroxyacetophenones with 1, 3-diphenyl-pyrazoIe-4-carboxaldehyde under alkaline conditions. The 3-hydroxy chromones have been converted to their methyl ethers for testing their physiological properties. The structures of these compounds have been established by their analytical and spectral characteristics. All the compounds have been tested against bacteria and fungi and among them, 2-[4-(1, 3-diphenyl]-pyrazolyl)-3-methoxy chromone is found to be active at 20 ppm against Bacillus subtilis

Simulations of silicon nanowire sensor and an integrated smart bio-nano sensor

Background: Simulation-based nano biosensors have been introduced in recent times that will provide a model for the researchers to verify various critical functions of them, which could effectively save time, money, and effort. Materials and Methods: In this study, we have performed simulations of a silicon nanowire (Si-NW) biosensor, and its various parameters were evaluated. This silicon sensor was designed using the BiosensorLab tool, a simulator from the nanohub website. This paper also presented an Integrated Smart Bio-nano Sensor. The motivation behind this smart sensor was that an incident happened in one of the southern states of India, in the year 2020; the leakage of styrene gas (C8H8) from the Polymers industry caused 12 deaths and several people hospitalized. Most people died after they inhaled styrene gas because they thought the pungent smell (of styrene gas) was also part of their kitchen’s emissions. This incident prompted us to propose an Integrated Smart Bio-nano Sensor. Results: The proposed sensor was capable of classifying the origin of sources of emissions dynamically (smart), even under lower concentrations of gas levels (25 ppm) and could alert the habitants in case of untoward danger. Conclusions: After verifying settling time vs. analyte concentration, the density of captured target molecules concentration with time vs. time, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the biosensor in the presence of parasitic molecules vs. receptor density, it was concluded that these three parameters have helped in identifying the characteristics of the proposed bio-nano sensor

Specific heat of YBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7-x</SUB> from 4.2 to 60 K

The specific heat of superconducting oxide compound, YBa2Cu3O7 -x, is studied using a quasi-adiabatic calorimeter from 4.2 to 60 K. The analysis of the specific heat data below 15 K gives a value of 17 mJ/mole K2 for the electronic heat capacity coefficient. The value of &#952; D(0) is determined to be 397 &#177; 8 K. The variation of &#952;D with temperature was calculated in the temperature range 4.2 to 60 K

Eco Friendly and Cost-Effective Reagent for Coal Flotation

Conventionally, diesel in combination with a frother is used widely in flotation of coal fines. With the continuous price escalation of petroleum products and their negative impact on environment, attempts were made to formulate an eco-friendly single reagent to replace diesel-frother system without affecting the flotation performance. Laboratory flotation tests were carried out, on a coking coal sample from eastern India, that analyzed 25.67% ash and 53.97% fixed carbon using a series of reagents developed. Among them, the performance of Sokem 590C derived from a vegetable oil was found to be encouraging. Concentrate assaying 11.77% ash and 66.40% fixed carbon was obtained with yield of 56.57%. Moreover, the reagent is biodegradable and eco friendly. Based on favorable kinetics and encouraging test results, plant trials were conducted at a coal preparation plant and the superiority of this reagent was demonstrated

Single reagent for coal flotation

Froth flotation is widely used for the beneficiation of fine coal and collectors are important for the effective separation in flotation. Conventionally, diesel in combination with a commercial frother is used in most of the coal washeries. With the escalating costs of petroleum products and their negative impact on environment, attempts were made to formulate an eco-friendly single reagent to replace diesel-frother system without hindering the flotation process performance. NML-Madras Centre in collaboration with M/s Somu Organo Chem Pvt Ltd, has been working on the formulation and evaluation of flotation reagents. Laboratory flotation tests were carried out using series of single reagents on a coking coal sample from Jharia region in the eastern part of India with an ash content of 24.9%. The best among the single reagents, Sokem 590C, yielded a float of 56.57% at 13.97% ash in the bench scale laboratory test. Based on encouraging results of flotation tests and kinetics studies, plant trials were conducted at a coal preparation plant in eastern India. The results of plant trials using this single reagent, Sokem 590C, are highly encouraging and economical as compared to diesel-frother system and this single reagent is non-petroleum based and biodegradable