Agro-Morphological Characterization and Some Seed Characteristics of Wild <i>Crambe</i> (<i>Brassicaceae</i>) Species in Turkey

The seeds of wild Crambe species have potential to be used as a source of industrial oil and animal feed. In this study, 48 genotypes of three Crambe species collected from the flora of Turkey were grown under field conditions in Ankara/Turkey in 2014–2016. The seed protein ratio, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant, thousand seed weight and hulless/hulled seed ratio (H/H) were determined. The highest protein ratio was determined as 26.02% in the t18 accession of Crambe tataria species. Variations in the characteristics were analyzed using principal component analysis. In the factor analysis of Crambe maritima, Crambe orientalis, Crambe tataria and the mean of these three species, the first two principal components accounted for 100%, 58.06%, 59.93% and 100% of the total variations, respectively. There were positive correlations between the plant height and number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant for C. orientalis, and number of branches per plant for C. tataria. Although seed yield per plant was high in C. tataria and C. orientalis, they are not suitable for conventional agriculture due to shell thickness, inhomogeneous plant emergence and shooting. Conventional cultivation of wild Crambe species can be made possible by eliminating these negative features with breeding and agronomic studies

Determination of Ontogenetic Variability of Essential Oil Content and Components in Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L) in Ankara Ecological Conditions

Bu çalışma, Ankara ekolojik koşullarında sater (Satureja hortensis L) bitkisinde uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşenlerinin ontogenetik varyabilitesini belirlemek amacıyla 2009 yılında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma da dört farklı biçim zamanının (çiçeklenme başlangıcı, % 40–60 çiçeklenme, tam çiçeklenme ve tohum oluşumu başlangıcında ) sater (Satureja hortensis L) bitkisinin bitki boyu (cm), yaş yaprak verimi (kg/da), kuru yaprak verimi (kg/da), uçucu yağ oranı (%), uçucu yağın bileşenleri ve uçucu yağ verimi (ml/da) üzerine olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, yaş yaprak verimi (kg/da), kuru yaprak verimi (kg/da), uçucu yağ oranı (%), uçucu yağ verimi (ml/da) ve uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin farklı gelişim dönemlerinde yapılan hasattan etkilenmiş olduğunu göstermiştir. En yüksek kuru yaprak verimi (66 kg/da) tohum oluşumu başlangıcında yapılan hasattan elde edilirken, en yüksek uçucu yağ oranı (% 2,20) ve en yüksek karvakrol oranı da (% 59,94) % 40–60 çiçeklenme döneminde yapılan hasattan alınmıştır.This research was carried out to determine on ontogenetic variability of essential oil content and components in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L) in Ankara ecological conditions in 2009. In this research, plant length, fresh leaf yield (kg/da), drog leaf yield (kg/da), essential oil content (%), essential oil components (%) and essential oil yield (ml/da) were determined at the beginning of flowering, 40–60 % flowering, full flowering and the beginning of seed formation stages. In this research, fresh leaf yield (kg/da), drog leaf yield (kg/da), essential oil content (%), essential oil components (%) and essential oil yield (ml/da) were effected by harvesting at different developmental stages. The greatest drug leaf yield (66 kg/da) was determined at the beginning of seed formation stages. On the other hand, the greatest essential oil content (% 2,20) and the major essential oil component which is carvacrol (% 59,94) were determined at 40–60 % flowering stage

Determination of Effect of Different Doses of Boron on the Yield and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Bu çalışma, Ankara ekolojik koşullarında 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında olmak üzere iki yıl süreyle Remzibeyaspir çeşidinde yürütülmüştür. Deneme Tesadüf Blokları Deneme deseninde üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada 6 farklı bor dozu (B1=0, B2= 100.0, B3=200.0, B4=300.0, B5=400.0 ve B6= 500.0 g da61) kullanılmıştır. Bu uygulamaların bitki boyu (cm), bitki başına yan dal sayısı (adet), bitki başına tabla sayısı (adet), tohum verimi (kg/da61), 1000 tohum ağırlığı (g) ve ham yağ oranı (%) ve yağ asitleri kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Farklı bor dozları ve yıllar bitki boyu (cm), tohum verimi (kg/da61) ve 1000 tohum ağırlığı (g) üzerine etkili olmuştur. En yüksek tohum verimi değeri (203,7 kg da61) ve yağ oranı (% 30,6) değerleri ise 2011 yılında ve B6 dozundan elde edilmiştir.This study was conducted with Remzibey safflower variety in Ankara ecological conditions in 2010 and 2011. The experiment was established with randomized complete block design with tree replications. Boron doses were B1=0, B2= 100.0, B3=200.0, B4=300.0, B5=400.0 and B6= 500.0 g da-1. Plant height (cm), number of branches per plant (number), number of heads per plant (number), seed yield (kg da-1), 1000 seed weight (g), oil content and fatty acid profile were investigated in the experiment. According to results of this research, boron doses and years had positive impact on plant height (cm), seed yield (kg da-1) and 1000 seed weight (g). The maximal seed yield (203,7 kg/da) and oil content (% 30,6) were obtained with B6 dose in 2011

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizers Applied by Dividing on Yield and Yield Components of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Bu çalışma farklı miktarlarda azotlu gübrelerin bölünerek uygulanmasının Dinçer aspir çeşidinde tohum verimi, verim unsurları, yağ oranı ve yağ verimi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında Ankara koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülen bu çalışmada 13 farklı konu (U1: 0 kg N/da, U2: 5 kg N/da tamamı ekimle, U3: 5 kg N/da tamamı rozet döneminde, U4: 5 kg N/da yarısı ekimle + yarısı sapa kalkma başlangıcı döneminde, U5: 5 kg IM/da yarısı ekimle + yarısı rozet döneminde, U6: 10 kg N/da tamamı ekimle, U7: 10 kg N/da tamamı rozet döneminde, U8: 10 kg N/da yarısı ekimle + yarısı sapa kalkma başlangıcı döneminde, U9: 10 kg N/da yarısı ekimle + yarısı rozet döneminde, U10: 15 kg N/da tamamı ekimle, U11: 15 kg N/da tamamı rozet döneminde, U12: 15 kg N/da yarısı ekimle + yarısı sapa kalkma başlangıcı döneminde ve U13: 15 kg N/da yarısı ekimle + yarısı rozet döneminde) uygulanmıştır, iki yıl süreyle yürütülen bu çalışmanın sonuçları, dekara en yüksek tohum ve yağ verimlerinin 15 kg azotun ikiye bölünerek yarısının ekimle ve diğer yarısının sapa kalkma başlangıcında uygulanmasıyla elde edilmiştir.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen rates applied by dividing on the seed yield, yield components, oil content and oil yield of Dincer safflower cultivar. The study was conducted at randomized complete block design with three replication under Ankara conditions in 2011 and 2012. In the study, 13 different applications (T1 :0 kg/da N, T2: 5 kg N/da at sowing, T3: 5 kg N/da in term of rosette, T4: half of 5 kg N/da with sowing other half part at initiation of stem elongation stage, T5: half of 5 kg N/da with sowing other half part in terms of rosette, T6: 10 kg N/da at sowing, T7: 10 kg N/da in term of rosette, T8: half of 10 kg N/da with sowing other half part at initiation of stem elongation stage, T1: half of 5 kg N/da with sowing other half part in terms of rosettajio: 15 kg N/da at sowing, T10: 15 kg N/da in term of rosette, T12: half of 15 kg N/da with sowing other half part at initiation of stem elongation stage, T13: half of 15 kg N/da with sowing other half part in terms of rosette) were treated. Results from a two-year study on nitrogen application for safflower under Ankara conditions indicated that the highest seed and oil yield were obtained by applying the rate of 15 kg N/da as 1/2 at sowing + 1/2 at initiation of stem elongation stage

Mobile genomic element diversity in world collection of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) panel using iPBS-retrotransposon markers.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop of dry land yielding very high quality of edible oil. Present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 131 safflower accessions originating from 28 different countries using 13 iPBS-retrotransposon markers. A total of 295 iPBS bands were observed among which 275 (93.22%) were found polymorphic. Mean Polymorphism information content (0.48) and diversity parameters including mean effective number of alleles (1.33), mean Shannon's information index (0.33), overall gene diversity (0.19), Fstatistic (0.21), and inbreeding coefficient (1.00) reflected the presence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in the studied plant materials. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that more than 40% of genetic variation was derived from populations. Model-based structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) algorithms clustered the 131 safflower accessions into four main populations A, B, C, D and an unclassified population, with no meaningful geographical origin. Most diverse accessions originated from Asian countries including Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Turkey, and India. Four accessions, Turkey3, Afghanistan4, Afghanistan2, and Pakistan24 were found most genetically distant and might be recommended as a candidate parents for breeding purposes. The findings of this study are most probably supported by the seven similarity centers hypothesis of safflower. This is a first study to explore the genetic diversity and population structure in safflower accessions using the iPBS-retrotransposon markers. The information provided in this work will therefore be helpful for scientists interested in safflower breeding