55 research outputs found
Cloud-Magnetic Resonance Imaging System: In the Era of 6G and Artificial Intelligence
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in medical
diagnosis, generating petabytes of image data annually in large hospitals. This
voluminous data stream requires a significant amount of network bandwidth and
extensive storage infrastructure. Additionally, local data processing demands
substantial manpower and hardware investments. Data isolation across different
healthcare institutions hinders cross-institutional collaboration in clinics
and research. In this work, we anticipate an innovative MRI system and its four
generations that integrate emerging distributed cloud computing, 6G bandwidth,
edge computing, federated learning, and blockchain technology. This system is
called Cloud-MRI, aiming at solving the problems of MRI data storage security,
transmission speed, AI algorithm maintenance, hardware upgrading, and
collaborative work. The workflow commences with the transformation of k-space
raw data into the standardized Imaging Society for Magnetic Resonance in
Medicine Raw Data (ISMRMRD) format. Then, the data are uploaded to the cloud or
edge nodes for fast image reconstruction, neural network training, and
automatic analysis. Then, the outcomes are seamlessly transmitted to clinics or
research institutes for diagnosis and other services. The Cloud-MRI system will
save the raw imaging data, reduce the risk of data loss, facilitate
inter-institutional medical collaboration, and finally improve diagnostic
accuracy and work efficiency.Comment: 4pages, 5figures, letter
Multi-energy X-ray linear-array detector enabled by the side-illuminated metal halide scintillator
Conventional scintillator-based X-ray imaging typically captures the full
spectral of X-ray photons without distinguishing their energy. However, the
absence of X-ray spectral information often results in insufficient image
contrast, particularly for substances possessing similar atomic numbers and
densities. In this study, we present an innovative multi-energy X-ray
linear-array detector that leverages side-illuminated X-ray scintillation using
emerging metal halide Cs3Cu2I5. The negligible self-absorption characteristic
not only improves the scintillation output but is also beneficial for improving
the energy resolution for the side-illuminated scintillation scenarios. By
exploiting Beer's law, which governs the absorption of X-ray photons with
different energies, the incident X-ray spectral can be reconstructed by
analyzing the distribution of scintillation intensity when the scintillator is
illuminated from the side. The relative error between the reconstructed and
measured X-ray spectral was less than 5.63 %. Our method offers an additional
energy-resolving capability for X-ray linear-array detectors commonly used in
computed tomography (CT) imaging setups, surpassing the capabilities of
conventional energy-integration approaches, all without requiring extra
hardware components. A proof-of-concept multi-energy CT imaging system
featuring eight energy channels was successfully implemented. This study
presents a simple and efficient strategy for achieving multi-energy X-ray
detection and CT imaging based on emerging metal halides
Mapping topology-disorder phase diagram with a quantum simulator
We explore the topology-disorder phase diagram by simulating one-dimensional
Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model with quasiperiodic disorder using a
programmable superconducting simulator. We experimentally map out and identify
various trivial and topological phases with extended and localized bulk states.
We find that in the topological phase the bulk states can be critically
localized without mobility edge or contain both critically and completely
localized states. In addition, there exist trivial and topological intermediate
phases with mobility edge and coexistence of extended and completely localized
states. The presence of the surprisingly rich phases in the simple SSH model
with quasiperiodic disorder sheds new light on the investigation of the
topological and localization phenomena in condensed-matter physics.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Germline breast cancer susceptibility genes, tumor characteristics, and survival.
BACKGROUND: Mutations in certain genes are known to increase breast cancer risk. We study the relevance of rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) that may result in loss-of-function in breast cancer susceptibility genes on tumor characteristics and survival in 8852 breast cancer patients of Asian descent. METHODS: Gene panel sequencing was performed for 34 known or suspected breast cancer predisposition genes, of which nine genes (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, BARD1, RAD51C, RAD51D, and TP53) were associated with breast cancer risk. Associations between PTV carriership in one or more genes and tumor characteristics were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Ten-year overall survival was estimated using Cox regression models in 6477 breast cancer patients after excluding older patients (≥75years) and stage 0 and IV disease. RESULTS: PTV9genes carriership (n = 690) was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with more aggressive tumor characteristics including high grade (poorly vs well-differentiated, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 3.48 [2.35-5.17], moderately vs well-differentiated 2.33 [1.56-3.49]), as well as luminal B [HER-] and triple-negative subtypes (vs luminal A 2.15 [1.58-2.92] and 2.85 [2.17-3.73], respectively), adjusted for age at diagnosis, study, and ethnicity. Associations with grade and luminal B [HER2-] subtype remained significant after excluding BRCA1/2 carriers. PTV25genes carriership (n = 289, excluding carriers of the nine genes associated with breast cancer) was not associated with tumor characteristics. However, PTV25genes carriership, but not PTV9genes carriership, was suggested to be associated with worse 10-year overall survival (hazard ratio [CI] 1.63 [1.16-2.28]). CONCLUSIONS: PTV9genes carriership is associated with more aggressive tumors. Variants in other genes might be associated with the survival of breast cancer patients. The finding that PTV carriership is not just associated with higher breast cancer risk, but also more severe and fatal forms of the disease, suggests that genetic testing has the potential to provide additional health information and help healthy individuals make screening decisions
Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138963/1/12987_2017_Article_71.pd
AN APPROACH TOWARDS OVERALL SUPPLY CHAIN EFFICIENCY
In recent years companies and academic organizations have focused on
outbound operations due to their being the customer-oriented part of the
business whereas the control of the inbound operations was generally left to the
suppliers. But now outbound operations have become streamlined and
extracting additional benefits has become more and more difficult. Taking
greater control of inbound logistics is becoming a top priority for many
manufacturers and retailers. Turning attention to inbound logistics will not only
reduce costs, but also a generate more collaborative relationship with internal
organizations, suppliers and logistic providers, which will ultimately result in a
more effective business process from which all parties will benefit.
In our study, we tried to exploit a solution in which Schenker, as a logistic
provider, would be actively involved so that inbound logistic performance can
be more effective and efficient which would benefit all participants in the value
chain. We started by investigating the unique features of the inbound logistic
system with a comparison of the outbound, and this was then followed by a
description of the current inbound logistic operation systems, from both an
information flow and material flow perspective. We found that all inbound
operations can be categorized into that of traditional demand to supply model to
that of the VMI model.
In approaching overall supply chain efficiency, a model hypothesis was
therefore created as a future oriented solutions. Parameters were also defined to
evaluate the performance of inbound logistics. Finally, with the assistance of
the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) model, a case study of Volvo
car inbound logistic operations has been made to illustrate the merits of our
hypothesis and its improved results
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