The Toxification and Detoxification Mechanisms of Aflatoxin B1 in Human: An Update

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most common carcinogen of aflatoxin, which contaminates many agricultural products in the daily diet of humans. More than 50% of patients with developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) feature AFB1 exposure due to their shared consumption of contaminated food. One of the main mechanisms of AFB1-induced liver carcinogenesis is its biological activation and its interaction with DNA to produce AFB1-E-N7-dG adduct. This product may result in the formation of DNA damage and the mutations of tumor-associated genes such as TP53 and ras. In human, several pathways involving in AFB1 detoxification, including I- and II-type detoxification, DNA repair, have been reported. This study reviewed the detoxification mechanisms of AFB1 in human as well as AFB1 occurrence and toxification. Additionally, we also discussed prevention methods for AFB1 exposure

Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related to Aflatoxins: An Update

Hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatocarcinoma) is a major type of primary liver cancer and one of the most frequent human malignant neoplasms. Aflatoxins are I-type chemical carcinogen for hepatocarcinoma. Increasing evidence has shown that hepatocarcinoma induced by aflatoxins is the result of interaction between aflatoxins and hereditary factor. Aflatoxins can induce DNA damage including DNA strand break, adducts formation, oxidative DNA damage, and gene mutation and determine which susceptible individuals feature cancer. Inheritance such as alterations may result in the activation of proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and determine individual susceptibility to cancer. Interaction between aflatoxins and genetic susceptible factors commonly involve in almost all pathologic sequence of hepatocarcinoma: chronic liver injury, cirrhosis, atypical hyperplastic nodules, and hepatocarcinoma of early stages. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis, toxification, and epidemiology of aflatoxins and signal pathways of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinoma. We also discuss the roles of some important genes related to cell apoptosis, DNA repair, drug metabolism, and tumor metastasis in hepatocarcinogenesis related to aflatoxins

CBX4 Expression and AFB1-Related Liver Cancer Prognosis

Background: Previous studies have shown that chromobox 4 (CBX4) expression may involve in the progression of liver cancer, however, it is unclear whether it affects the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)

The Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of MicroRNAs for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (also termed hepatocarcinoma) is the third cancer-related cause of death worldwide. To our knowledge, markers such as α-fetoprotein display poor performance in the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of hepatocarcinoma. MicroRNAs are an evolutionarily conserved class of small noncoding single-stranded RNA typically consisting of 18–24 nucleotides. They have been reported to act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes via reversely regulating gene expression. Recent evidence has revealed that microRNAs, especially in body fluids such as the blood and urine, display important diagnostic and prognostic potential for hepatocarcinoma. Here, we reviewed currently available data on microRNAs and hepatocarcinoma, with emphasis on the biogenesis and function of microRNAs and their potential diagnostic and prognostic value for hepatocarcinoma. We also discussed the clinical utility perspectives of microRNAs in hepatocarcinoma and possible challenges

S1PR1 regulates ovarian cancer cell senescence through the PDK1-LATS1/2-YAP pathway

Cell senescence deters the activation of various oncogenes. Induction of senescence is, therefore, a potentially effective strategy to interfere with vital processes in tumor cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) has been implicated in various cancer types, including ovarian cancer. The mechanism by which S1PR1 regulates ovarian cancer cell senescence is currently elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that S1PR1 was highly expressed in human ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. S1PR1 deletion inhibited the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. S1PR1 deletion promoted ovarian cancer cell senescence and sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy. Exposure of ovarian cancer cells to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) increased the expression of 3-phosphatidylinositol-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), decreased the expression of large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2), and induced phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein (p-YAP). Opposite results were obtained in S1PR1 knockout cells following pharmacological inhibition. After silencing LATS1/2 in S1PR1-deficient ovarian cancer cells, senescence was suppressed and S1PR1 expression was increased concomitantly with YAP expression. Transcriptional regulation of S1PR1 by YAP was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Accordingly, the S1PR1-PDK1-LATS1/2-YAP pathway regulates ovarian cancer cell senescence and does so through a YAP-mediated feedback loop. S1PR1 constitutes a druggable target for the induction of senescence in ovarian cancer cells. Pharmacological intervention in the S1PR1-PDK1-LATS1/2-YAP signaling axis may augment the efficacy of standard chemotherapy.</p

Separation and Characterization of C70(C14H10) and C70(C5H6) from an

通讯作者地址: Xie, SY (通讯作者), Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 2. Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 3. Xiamen Univ, Fujian Prov Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 4. Xiamen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 电子邮件地址: [email protected], [email protected] derivatives of fullerenes are prevalent in the fullerene-producing flame, the chemistry of these derivatives has rarely been discussed in the previous literature. In this paper, two D-Sh-C-70 derivatives, C-70(C14H10) and C-70(C5H6), were isolated from the soot of an acetylene benzene combustion. On the basis of detailed MS, NMR, IR, and UV/vis analyses in combination with DFT calculations, the cycloadduct structures of C-70(C14H10) and C-20(C5H6) were identified. Both the anthracene (C14H10) and the cyclopentadiene (C5H6) adducts, supposed as the intermediate species produced during the combustion process, were characterized to bond at a [6,6] ring junction at the end of the olivary C-70 cage. The present work exemplifies the capture of possible intermediates by the C-70 fullerene from the flame and thus provides insight into the mechanism responsible for the formation of fullerene-containing soot.NSFC21031004 20973137 21021061 973 projects 2007CB815301 2007CB81530

Separation and Characterization of C70(C14H10) and C70(C5H6) from an Acetylene–Benzene–Oxygen Flame

[email protected], [email protected] derivatives of fullerenes are prevalent in the fullerene-producing flame, the chemistry of these derivatives has rarely been discussed in the previous literature. In this paper, two D(Sh)-C(70) derivatives, C(70)(C(14)H(10)) and C(70)(C(5)H(6)), were isolated from the soot of an acetylene benzene combustion. On the basis of detailed MS, NMR, IR, and UV/vis analyses in combination with DFT calculations, the cycloadduct structures of C(70)(C(14)H(10)) and C(20)(C(5)H(6)) were identified. Both the anthracene (C(14)H(10)) and the cyclopentadiene (C(5)H(6)) adducts, supposed as the intermediate species produced during the combustion process, were characterized to bond at a [6,6] ring junction at the end of the olivary C(70) cage. The present work exemplifies the capture of possible intermediates by the C(70) fullerene from the flame and thus provides insight into the mechanism responsible for the formation of fullerene-containing soot.NSFC 21031004 ,20973137,21021061 973 projects 2007CB815301 ,2007CB81530

Simple Combustion Production and Characterization of Octahydro[60]fullerene with a Non-IPR C-60 Cage

1. Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surface, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 2. Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 3. Xiamen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R ChinaFor the first time an easier, operable combustion method is employed for the synthesis of non-IPR fullerene, and an octahydro[60)fullerene with a non-IPA C-60 cage (C-60 isomer C-#1809(60)) produced by combustion is isolated and characterized by MS, UV vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopies in combination with DFT calculations. This finding shows that, in addition to chlorine, hydrogen can be an ample cataloreactant for the production of non-IPR fullerene derivatives under such conditions as arc-burning and diffusion combustion.NSFC 20525103 20673088 20973137 20721001 20423002 21031004 973 projects 2007CB815301 2007CB81530

Combustion Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of the Small Hydrofullerene C50H10

通讯作者地址: Xie, SY (通讯作者),Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 2. Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 3. Xiamen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 电子邮件地址: [email protected]; [email protected] hydrofullerene C50H10 is synthesized by low-pressure benzeneoxygen diffusion combustion. The structure of C50H10 is identified through NMR, mass spectrometry, and IR and Raman spectroscopy as a D5h symmetric closed-cage molecule with five pairs of fused pentagons stabilized by ten hydrogen atoms. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectrometric analyses disclose its optical properties as comparable with those of its chloride cousin (C50Cl10). Cyclic and square-wave voltammograms reveal that the first reduction potential of C50H10 is more negative than that of C50Cl10 as well as C60, with implications for the utilization of C50H10 as a promising electron acceptor for photovoltaic applications.973 projects 2011CB935901 NSFC 21031004 21021061 2077310

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure