2,966 research outputs found
Evaluating Generalization Ability of Convolutional Neural Networks and Capsule Networks for Image Classification via Top-2 Classification
Image classification is a challenging problem which aims to identify the
category of object in the image. In recent years, deep Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNNs) have been applied to handle this task, and impressive
improvement has been achieved. However, some research showed the output of CNNs
can be easily altered by adding relatively small perturbations to the input
image, such as modifying few pixels. Recently, Capsule Networks (CapsNets) are
proposed, which can help eliminating this limitation. Experiments on MNIST
dataset revealed that capsules can better characterize the features of object
than CNNs. But it's hard to find a suitable quantitative method to compare the
generalization ability of CNNs and CapsNets. In this paper, we propose a new
image classification task called Top-2 classification to evaluate the
generalization ability of CNNs and CapsNets. The models are trained on single
label image samples same as the traditional image classification task. But in
the test stage, we randomly concatenate two test image samples which contain
different labels, and then use the trained models to predict the top-2 labels
on the unseen newly-created two label image samples. This task can provide us
precise quantitative results to compare the generalization ability of CNNs and
CapsNets. Back to the CapsNet, because it uses Full Connectivity (FC) mechanism
among all capsules, it requires many parameters. To reduce the number of
parameters, we introduce the Parameter-Sharing (PS) mechanism between capsules.
Experiments on five widely used benchmark image datasets demonstrate the method
significantly reduces the number of parameters, without losing the
effectiveness of extracting features. Further, on the Top-2 classification
task, the proposed PS CapsNets obtain impressive higher accuracy compared to
the traditional CNNs and FC CapsNets by a large margin.Comment: This paper is under consideration at Computer Vision and Image
Understandin
The order analysis for the two loop corrections to lepton MDM
The experimental data of the magnetic dipole moment(MDM) of lepton(,
) is very exact. The deviation between the experimental data and the
standard model prediction maybe come from new physics contribution.
In the supersymmetric models, there are very many two loop diagrams
contributing to the lepton MDM. In supersymmetric models, we suppose two mass
scales and with for supersymmetric particles.
Squarks belong to and the other supersymmetric particles belong to
. We analyze the order of the contributions from the two loop diagrams. The
two loop triangle diagrams corresponding to the two loop self-energy diagram
satisfy Ward-identity, and their contributions possess particular factors. This
work can help to distinguish the important two loop diagrams giving corrections
to lepton MDM.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Gapless topological Fulde-Ferrell superfluidity in spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases
Topological superfluids usually refer to a superfluid state which is gapped
in the bulk but metallic at the boundary. Here we report that a gapless,
topologically non-trivial superfluid with inhomogeneous Fulde-Ferrell pairing
order parameter can emerge in a two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Fermi gas,
in the presence of both in-plane and out-of-plane Zeeman fields. The
Fulde-Ferrell pairing - induced by the spin-orbit coupling and in-plane Zeeman
field - is responsible for this gapless feature. This exotic superfluid has a
significant Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition temperature and
has robust Majorana edge modes against disorder owing to its topological
nature.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures; add the results on the critical BKT temperature
and superfluid density, as well as the discussion on the robustness of the
chiral edge states against disorde
The Effect of Substituent on Molecules That Contain a Triple Bond Between Arsenic and Group 13 Elements: Theoretical Designs and Characterizations
The effect of substitution on the potential energy surfaces of RE13≡AsR (E13 = group 13 elements; R = F, OH, H, CH3, and SiH3) is determined using density functional theory (M06‐2X/Def2‐TZVP, B3PW91/Def2‐TZVP, and B3LYP/LANL2DZ+dp). The computational studies demonstrate that all triply bonded RE13≡AsR species prefer to adopt a bent geometry that is consistent with the valence electron model. The theoretical studies also demonstrate that RE13≡AsR molecules with smaller substituents are kinetically unstable, with respect to the intramolecular rearrangements. However, triply bonded R′E13≡AsR′ species with bulkier substituents (R′ = SiMe(SitBu3)2, SiiPrDis2, and NHC) are found to occupy the lowest minimum on the singlet potential energy surface, and they are both kinetically and thermodynamically stable. That is to say, the electronic and steric effects of bulky substituents play an important role in making molecules that feature an E13≡As triple bond as viable synthetic target
Triple Bonds between Bismuth and Group 13 Elements: Theoretical Designs and Characterization
The effect of substitution on the potential energy surfaces of RE13≡BiR (E13 = B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl; R = F, OH, H, CH3, SiH3, Tbt, Ar*, SiMe(SitBu3)2, and SiiPrDis2) is investigated using density functional theories (M06-2X/Def2-TZVP, B3PW91/Def2-TZVP, and B3LYP/LANL2DZ+dp). The theoretical results suggest that all of the triply bonded RE13≡BiR molecules prefer to adopt a bent geometry (i.e., ∠RE13Bi ≈ 180° and ∠E13BiR ≈ 90°), which agrees well with the bonding model (model (B)). It is also demonstrated that the smaller groups, such as R = F, OH, H, CH3, and SiH3, neither kinetically nor thermodynamically stabilize the triply bonded RE13≡BiR compounds, except for the case of H3SiB≡BiSiH3. Nevertheless, the triply bonded RʹE13≡BiRʹ molecules that feature bulkier substituents (Rʹ = Tbt, Ar*, SiMe(SitBu3)2, and SiiPrDis2) are found to have the global minimum on the singlet potential energy surface and are both kinetically and thermodynamically stable. In other words, both the electronic and the steric effects of bulkier substituent groups play an important role in making triply bonded RE13≡BiR (Group 13–Group 15) species synthetically accessible and isolable in a stable form
Micronutrients and risks of three main urologic cancers: A mendelian randomization study
BackgroundThe effect of micronutrients on urologic cancers has been explored in observational studies. We conducted the two-sample mendelian randomization (TSMR) study to investigate whether micronutrients could causally influence the risk of urologic cancers.MethodsSummary statistics for four micronutrients and three main urologic cancers outcomes were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). MR analyses were applied to explore the potential causal association between them. Sensitivity analyses using multiple methods were also conducted.ResultsGenetically predicted one SD increase in serum copper and iron concentrations was causally associated with increased risks of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (OR = 3.021, 95%CI = 2.204–4.687, P < 0.001, male; OR = 2.231, 95%CI = 1.524-3.953, P < 0.001, female; OR = 1.595, 95%CI = 1.310–1.758, P = 0.0238, male; OR = 1.484, 95%CI = 1.197–2.337, P = 0.0210, female, respectively) and per SD increase in serum zinc levels was related to decreased risks of RCC (OR = 0.131, 95%CI = 0.0159–0.208, P < 0.001, male; OR = 0.124, 95%CI = 0.0434–0.356, P < 0.001, female). No significant results were observed between micronutrients and the risk of bladder cancer after Bonferroni correction. Additionally, per SD increase in serum zinc level was associated with a 5.8% higher risk of prostate cancer (PCa) [OR = 1.058, 95%CI = 1.002–1.116, P = 0.0403, inverse-variance weight (IVW)].ConclusionsMicronutrients play a vital role in the development of urological tumors. Future studies are required to replicate the findings, explore the underlying mechanisms, and examine the preventive or therapeutic role of micronutrients in clinical settings
Successful treatment of methemoglobinemia in an elderly couple with severe cyanosis: two case reports
INTRODUCTION: Methemoglobinemia should be considered in all cyanotic patients who remain unresponsive to oxygen therapy. Rapid diagnosis is very important in emergency cases. Here, we present the cases of two patients, a married couple, admitted to our hospital with methemoglobinemia after exposure to sodium nitrite. CASE PRESENTATION: Two patients, a married couple, presented with methemoglobinemia. The 72-year-old Taiwanese man and 68-year-old Taiwanese woman were referred to our hospital with dizziness and tachypnea. On examination, their mucous membranes were cyanotic, and their blood samples showed the classic ‘chocolate brown’ appearance. The man also reported having experienced twitching of his right arm for a few minutes before arrival at the hospital. The symptoms of both patients failed to improve in response to supplemental oxygen delivered via oxygen masks, although the arterial blood gas data of these patients were normal and their pulse oximetry showed oxyhemoglobin levels of approximately 85%. A carbon monoxide-oximeter showed that the man’s methemoglobin concentration was 48.3%, and the woman’s was 36.4%. Methylene blue (100mg) was administered intravenously to both patients, and their symptoms improved dramatically. They were admitted to the intensive care unit and discharged three days later, without neurological sequelae. CONCLUSION: Severe methemoglobinemia is a life-threatening condition and, if untreated, may result in death. Early diagnosis and appropriate antidotal treatment are crucial in treating this emergency situation
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