Spatial interpolation of in situ data by self-organizing map algorithms (neural networks) for the assessment of carbon stocks in European forests

Self-organizing maps (SOMs) are an advanced neural networks application. SOMs were applied for the spatially explicit estimation of forest carbon stocks for a test region in Thuringia (Germany) The approach utilizes in situ national forest inventory data and satellite remote sensing data (Landsat 7 ETM+) and provides maps showing a high-resolution spatial distribution of forest carbon stocks The generated maps are compared to alternative estimates obtained by the k-nearest neighbour (kNN) method a remote sensing based carbon assessment Beside maps the SOM- and kNN-approaches were utilized to calculate statistical estimates of carbon stock and growing stock. The statistical estimates were validated by calculating bias and mean square errors with reference to in situ assessments. SOM- and kNN-approaches have been tested in a forested region in Central Germany The results show that SOMs are an approach that has the ability to reproduce the spatial pattern of forest carbon stocks. SOMs are with some restrictions comparable to spatially explicit estimates generated by the kNN-method. (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserve

Effect of the estimation of forest management and decay of dead woody material on the reliability of carbon stock and carbon stock changes - A simulation study

The IPCC-GPG on Greenhouse Gas Monitoring offers countries several options for reporting. The current study selected management effects and decay of dead woody material to demonstrate the dependence of different approaches and assumptions for carbon stock and carbon stock change estimates. For a given set of inventory data the reported change of carbon stock varied between 3.1 tonnes C ha(-1) yr(-1) and 34.4 tonnes C ha(-1) yr(-1) for a 10-year period. Based on the available data set from a test area in the federal state of Salzburg (Austria) the effect of different scenarios for harvesting operations and mortality on reported carbon release was studied. The scenarios covered timber utilization at different points in time and two mortality rates (constant and exponential). A proportion of harvesting was assumed to remain inside the forest as logging residues and entered together with mortality a decay process. Two different lifetimes for decay (10 and 50 years) and constant and negative exponential decay rates were simulated. Those decisions affect the amount of carbon released considerably. For a 10-year period between 5% and 80% of the carbon content of dead woody material that accumulated within the period is released to the atmosphere. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Automatisierung des An/Abfahrens von Verfahrensabschnitten in Zementwerken

SIGLEDEGerman

Automatisierung des An/Abfahrens von Verfahrensabschnitten in Zementwerken

SIGLETechnische Informationsbibliothek Hannover: RN 2554 (207) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman