Temperature and salinity variability in thermohaline staircase layers

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2005A moored profiler record from the western tropical North Atlantic provides the first continuous time series of temperature, salinity and velocity profiles in a thermohaline staircase. Variations in the intensity of layering and the evolution of layer properties are well documented during the 4.3 month record. Such staircases are the result of strong salt fingering at the interfaces between the mixed layers, and these data provide unique insights into the dynamics of salt fingers. In particular, a striking linear correlation between the temperature and salinity of the layers may be interpreted as resulting from vertical salt finger flux divergences. Data from this record allow new interpretations of previous work on this topic by McDougall (1991).This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants OCE-0081502 and OCE-035074

Gli aspetti chimici e biochimici nella preparazione e conservazione degli alimenti in epoca medievale

https://digital.sandiego.edu/ital-394/1002/thumbnail.jp

Foreword: Respectful, Equitable, and Supportive Postpartum Care

The postpartum period is a precious part of life: the health and wellbeing of at least 2 generations are at stake. Although the World Health Organization calls for a standard of care that promotes “positive” postpartum experiences with a “resourced and flexible health system”, these goals are largely aspirational. In her book, Baby Doctor, pediatrician Perri Klass writes about the moments immediately after birth. She describes how all eyes in the delivery room turn to the baby—except for the midwife or the obstetrician, who are the “only ones still paying attention to mom.” Anthropologist Shelia Kitzinger similarly wrote that “the spotlights are dimmed” for women after childbirth. In American medicine, we do not pay much attention to birthing people once the cord is clamped. The underlying notion of women as being worthy of focus only while they are vessels for new life is deeply harmful. It is as though the baby is the candy and the mother is the wrapper. After the candy is out, the wrapper is cast aside. This transactional thinking and treatment around childbirth is a tragedy, with short-term and long-term consequences

Associations Among Lactation, Maternal Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health

In mammalian reproductive physiology, lactation follows pregnancy; growing evidence suggests that disruption of this physiology affects a woman's lifetime risk of metabolic disease. These differences may reflect lactation-induced mobilization of fat stores and modulation of maternal stress reactivity. In addition, confounders may play a role: women who breastfeed for long durations are more likely to engage in other healthy behaviors, and obesity and insulin resistance may interfere with breastfeeding physiology. These findings underscore the importance of evidenced-based care to enable women to achieve their infant feeding goals

Postpartum Mental Health and Breastfeeding Practices: An Analysis Using the 2010–2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System

Evidence suggests that women with postpartum depression (PPD) are at risk for early breastfeeding cessation, but previous studies have been limited by small samples. The objective of this analysis is to estimate the association between PPD symptoms and breastfeeding using a national, stratified, random sample of U.S. mothers

Postpartum Health Services Requested by Mothers with Newborns Receiving Intensive Care

Objectives Our pilot study aimed to build knowledge of the postpartum health needs of mothers with infants in a newborn intensive care unit (NICU). Methods Between May 2008 and December 2009, a Certified Nurse Midwife was available during workday hours to provide health care services to mothers visiting their infants in the NICU at a large tertiary care center. Results A total of 424 health service encounters were recorded. Maternal requests for services covered a wide variety of needs, with primary care being the most common. Key health concerns included blood pressure monitoring, colds, coughs, sore throats, insomnia and migraines. Mothers also expressed a need for mental health assessment and support, obstetric care, treatment for sexually transmitted infections, tobacco cessation, breastfeeding assistance, postpartum visits, and provision of contraception. Conclusions Our study suggests that mothers with babies in the NICU have a host of health needs. We also found that women were receptive to receiving health services in a critical care pediatric setting. Intensive care nurseries could feasibly partner with in-patient mother-baby units and/or on-site obstetric clinics to increase access to health care for the mothers of the high-risk newborns in their units. Modifications should be made within health care systems that serve high-risk infants to better address the many needs of the mother/baby dyad in the postpartum period

Telehealth to provide prenatal genetics services: Feasibility and importance revealed during global pandemic

Traditionally, prenatal genetic counseling is performed with face to face counseling in a prenatal diagnosis center. However, alternative forms of genetic counseling are available including use of telephone counseling, group counseling, and use of decision aids. Telegenetics services can benefit patients living in rural areas where there is limited access to providers with genetics expertise. Many women in the United States do not have access to prenatal genetic counseling and receive limited access to standard aneuploidy and carrier screening options because of insurance status even though these options should be offered to all pregnant women. Prenatal telegenetics services can address these inequalities but thus far have not been used broadly due to limited reimbursement and hospital unwillingness to provide the necessary start-up costs to implement prenatal genetics telehealth services

Association of Etonogestrel-Releasing Contraceptive Implant with Reduced Weight Gain in an Exclusively Breastfed Infant: Report and Literature Review

Background: Studies have not found that hormonal contraceptive implants adversely affect breastfeeding, but theoretical concerns exist