1,318 research outputs found
An Integrating Storage Display Monitor with Dark-Trace Tube for Nuclear Two-Parameter Spectra. EUR 3117.
Lateral hypothalamic circuits for feeding and reward
In experiments conducted over 60 years ago, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) was identified as a critical neuroanatomical substrate for motivated behavior. Electrical stimulation of the LHA induces voracious feeding even in non-restricted animals. In the absence of food, animals will work tirelessly, often lever-pressing 1000’s of times per hour, for electrical stimulation at the same site that provokes feeding, drinking, and other species-typical motivated behaviors. Here we review the classic findings from electrical stimulation studies and integrate them with more recent work that has utilized contemporary circuit-based approaches to study the LHA. We identify specific anatomically and molecularly defined LHA elements that integrate diverse information arising from cortical, extended amygdala, and basal forebrain networks to ultimately generate a highly specified and invigorated behavioral state conveyed via LHA projections to downstream reward and feeding specific circuits
Locus coeruleus to basolateral amygdala noradrenergic projections promote anxiety-like behavior
Increased tonic activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic (LC-NE) neurons induces anxiety-like and aversive behavior. While some information is known about the afferent circuitry that endogenously drives this neural activity and behavior, the downstream receptors and anatomical projections that mediate these acute risk aversive behavioral states via the LC-NE system remain unresolved. Here we use a combination of retrograde tracing, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, electrophysiology, and in vivo optogenetics with localized pharmacology to identify neural substrates downstream of increased tonic LC-NE activity in mice. We demonstrate that photostimulation of LC-NE fibers in the BLA evokes norepinephrine release in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), alters BLA neuronal activity, conditions aversion, and increases anxiety-like behavior. Additionally, we report that β-adrenergic receptors mediate the anxiety-like phenotype of increased NE release in the BLA. These studies begin to illustrate how the complex efferent system of the LC-NE system selectively mediates behavior through distinct receptor and projection-selective mechanisms
A broadband FFT spectrometer for radio and millimeter astronomy
The core architecture, tests in the lab and first results of a Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT) spectrometer are described. It is based on a commercially
available fast digital sampler (AC240) with an on-board Field Programmable Gate
Array (FPGA). The spectrometer works continuously and has a remarkable total
bandwidth of 1 GHz, resolved into 16384 channels. The data is sampled with 8
bits, yielding a dynamic range of 48 dB. An Allan time of more than 2000 s and
an SFDR of 37 dB were measured. First light observations with the KOSMA
telescope show a perfect spectrum without internal or external spurious
signals.Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics, in pres
Toward Robust Manufacturing Scheduling: Stochastic Job-Shop Scheduling
Manufacturing plays a significant role in promoting economic development,
production, exports, and job creation, which ultimately contribute to improving
the quality of life. The presence of manufacturing defects is, however,
inevitable leading to products being discarded, i.e. scrapped. In some cases,
defective products can be repaired through rework. Scrap and rework cause a
longer completion time, which can contribute to the order being shipped late.
In addition, complex manufacturing scheduling becomes much more challenging
when the above uncertainties are present. Motivated by the presence of
uncertainties as well as combinatorial complexity, this paper addresses the
challenge illustrated through a case study of stochastic job-shop scheduling
problems arising within low-volume high-variety manufacturing. To ensure
on-time delivery, high-quality solutions are required, and near-optimal
solutions must be obtained within strict time constraints to ensure smooth
operations on the job-shop floor. To efficiently solve the stochastic job-shop
scheduling (JSS) problem, a recently-developed Surrogate "Level-Based"
Lagrangian Relaxation is used to reduce computational effort while efficiently
exploiting the geometric convergence potential inherent to Polyak's step-sizing
formula thereby leading to fast convergence. Numerical testing demonstrates
that the new method is more than two orders of magnitude faster as compared to
commercial solvers
Duplicated Chromosome Segments in Maize (Zea mays L.): Further Evidence from Hexokinase Isozymes
The genetic control of hexokinase isozymes (ATP: d-hexose-6-phosphotransferase, E.C. 2.7.7.1, HEX) in maize (Zea mays L.) was studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Genetic analysis of a large number of inbred lines and crosses indicates that the major isozymes observed are encoded by two nuclear loci, designated Hexl and Hex2. Five active allozymes and one null variant are associated with Hexl, while Hex2 has nine active alleles in addition to a null variant. Alleles at both loci govern the presence of single bands, with no intragenic or intergenic heteromers visible, suggesting that maize HEX\u27s are active as monomers. Organelle preparations demonstrate that the products of both loci are cytosolic. All alleles, including the nulls, segregate normally in crosses. Vigorous and fertile plants were synthesized that were homozygous for null alleles at both loci, suggesting that other hexosephosphorylating enzymes exist in maize that are undetected with our assay conditions. Linkage analyses and crosses with B-A translocation stocks place Hexl on the short arm of chromosome 3, 27 centimorgans from Pgd2 (phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) and Hex2 on the long arm of chromosome 6, approximately 45 centimorgans from Pgdl. It is suggested that the parallel linkages among these two pairs of duplicated genes reflects an evolutionary history involving chromosome segment duplication or polyploidy
Initial results with free-breathing self-navigated, post-contrast, 3D isotropic high-spatial-resolution MRI of the heart
855-2 Transmural difference of diastolic function in physiological hypertrophy versus pathological hypertrophy using tagged magnetic resonance imaging
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