Wood Decay in Silicified Gymnosperms from Antarctica

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.jstor.org.Gymnospermous secondary xylem degraded by wood-decaying fungi was examined in silicified fossils from Antarctica. AraucarioxyIon-type wood from the Triassic and specimens of Vertebraria from the Permian demonstrate similar patterns of decay. Specimens are characterized by irregularly shaped areas lacking cells and are infected with branched, septate hyphae with clamp connections. The decay in these fossils is comparable in appearance to present-day rots caused by basidiomycetes. Two patterns of decay are evident: (1) A wall component, presumably lignin, is removed from the wall and middle lamella of infected tracheids, leaving a considerably thinner cellulose framework; and (2) the primary and secondary walls typically separate, and all wall layers are progressively reduced in thickness and eventually removed. The middle lamella, particularly where it is thickest in the corners between cells, persists longer than other layers. Indications of host response to fungal attack include the production of possible wall appositions. Evidence of wood decay occurs as early as the Upper Devonian, and all reported cases from the fossil record are similar to those found today

A possible endogonaceous fungus from the Triassic of Antarctica

No abstract is available for this item

Studies of Paleozoic fungi. IV. Wall ultrastructure of fossil endogonaceous chlamydospores

Fossil endogonaceous chlamydospores are described from the aerial axes and roots of several Paleozoic plants preserved in calcilutite nodules and calcareous coal balls. Specimens come from six Paleozoic localities extending from the uppermost Lower Devonian through the Upper Pennsylvanian. Although fossil chlamydospores are markedly similar to the modern Endogonaceae in transmitted light, ultrastructural comparisons have not previously been made. The fine structure of the walls of these spores is consistent with past interpretations which relate them to the modern Endogonaceae, but thorough comparisons cannot be made due to the lack of comparable ultrastructural information from extant VA mycorrhizae. The evidence from mycorrhizal associations in the fossil record is evaluated

Studies Of Paleozoic Fungi. Iv. Wood‐Decaying Fungi In Callixylon Newberryi From The Upper Devonian

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141580/1/ajb208449.pd

Geotrichites glaesarius, a conidial fungus from Dominican amber

Geotrichites glaesarius, a new fungal anamorph, is described from Dominican amber of late Oligocene or early Miocene age. A well-developed mycelium is present on the surface of an arachnid cadaver; hyphae are not present in the body cavity. Septate hyphae are either erect or decumbent, and extensively branched. Oblong arthroconidia are borne terminally on undifferentiated hyphae. Conidiogenesis appears to be of the holoarthric type with conidia sometimes joined by narrow connectives. The fungus is apparently saprophytic and resembles several modern moniliaceous fungi, particularly Geotrichum candidum

Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 — 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March–May 2020

Descriptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States have focused primarily on hospitalized patients. Reports documenting exposures to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, have generally been described within congregate settings, such as meat and poultry processing plants (1) and long-term care facilities (2). Understanding individual behaviors and demographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and risks for severe illness requiring hospitalization can inform efforts to reduce transmission. During April 15-May 24, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 in outpatient and inpatient settings at 11 U.S. academic medical centers in nine states. Respondents were contacted 14-21 days after SARS-CoV-2 testing and asked about their demographic characteristics, underlying chronic conditions, symptoms experienced on the date of testing, and potential exposures to SARS-CoV-2 during the 2 weeks before illness onset (or the date of testing among those who did not report symptoms at the time of testing). Among 350 interviewed patients (271 [77%] outpatients and 79 [23%] inpatients), inpatients were older, more likely to be Hispanic and to report dyspnea than outpatients. Fewer inpatients (39%, 20 of 51) reported a return to baseline level of health at 14-21 days than did outpatients (64%, 150 of 233) (p = 0.001). Overall, approximately one half (46%) of patients reported known close contact with someone with COVID-19 during the preceding 2 weeks. This was most commonly a family member (45%) or a work colleague (34%). Approximately two thirds (64%, 212 of 333) of participants were employed; only 35 of 209 (17%) were able to telework. These findings highlight the need for screening, case investigation, contact tracing, and isolation of infected persons to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection during periods of community transmission. The need for enhanced measures to ensure workplace safety, including ensuring social distancing and more widespread use of cloth face coverings, are warranted (3)