Apple polyphenols in human and animal health*

Apples contain substantial amounts of polyphenols, and diverse phenolics mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been identified in their flesh and skins. This work aimed to analyze the overall landscape of the research literature published to date on apple phenolic compounds in the context of human and animal health. The Web of Science Core Collection electronic database was queried with (apple* polyphenol*) AND (health* OR illness* OR disease* OR medic* OR pharma*) to identify relevant papers covering these words and their derivatives in the titles, abstracts, and keywords. The resulted 890 papers were bibliometrically analyzed. The VOSviewer software was utilized to produce term maps that illustrate how the frequent phrases fared in terms of publication and citation data. The apple polyphenol papers received global contributions, particularly from China, Italy, the United States, Spain, and Germany. Examples of frequently mentioned chemicals/chemical classes are quercetin, anthocyanin, catechin, epicatechin, and flavonol, while examples of frequently mentioned medical conditions are cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimers disease, and obesity. The potential health benefits of apple polyphenols on humans and animals are diverse and warrant further study.Authors acknowledge the support from The National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) of Poland (project number POIR.01.01.01-00-0593/18).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phytol: A review of biomedical activities

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This author accepted manuscript is made available following 12 month embargo from date of publication (Auguist 2018) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policyPhytol (PYT) is a diterpene member of the long-chain unsaturated acyclic alcohols. PYT and some of its derivatives, including phytanic acid (PA), exert a wide range of biological effects. PYT is a valuable essential oil (EO) used as a fragrance and a potential candidate for a broad range of applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry. There is ample evidence that PA may play a crucial role in the development of pathophysiological states. Focusing on PYT and some of its most relevant derivatives, here we present a systematic review of reported biological activities, along with their underlying mechanism of action. Recent investigations with PYT demonstrated anxiolytic, metabolism-modulating, cytotoxic, antioxidant, autophagy- and apoptosis-inducing, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and antimicrobial effects. PPARs- and NF-κB-mediated activities are also discussed as mechanisms responsible for some of the bioactivities of PYT. The overall goal of this review is to discuss recent findings pertaining to PYT biological activities and its possible applications

Effects of antioxidants in fat contained in bulky forages on cows’ milk quality

Antyoksydanty zawarte w paszach objętościowych, tj. tokoferole i karotenoidy, odgrywają istotną rolę w pokryciu zapotrzebowania krów mlecznych na karoten oraz witaminy A i E. W pracy dokonano przeglądu wyników badań naukowych, wykonanych w okresie ostatniej dekady, nad wpływem naturalnych antyoksydantów zawartych w tłuszczu pasz objętościowych na potencjał oksydacyjny mleka i zawartość w nim składników funkcjonalnych. Z badań tych wynika, że istnieje możliwość produkcji mleka o zwiększonej zawartości nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych oraz substancji o charakterze antyoksydacyjnym (witamin A, E i β-karotenu) pod warunkiem żywienia krów paszami o dużej zawartości karotenoidów i tokoferoli. Wymienione antyoksydanty chronią zawarte w mleku nienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe przed niekorzystnymi procesami utleniania, zachowując jednocześnie ich wysoką aktywność biologiczną oraz odpowiedni smak i zapach mleka. Zawartość karotenoidów i tokoferoli w paszach objętościowych oraz wysokość wskaźnika ich transferu do mleka w decydującym stopniu zależą od: gatunku i odmiany roślin, stadium wegetacji, zabiegów agrotechnicznych, warunków atmosferycznych w okresie wegetacji oraz sposobu konserwacji (suszenie, kiszenie). Zielonki i kiszonki z porostu łąkowego, roślin motylkowatych oraz mieszanek roślin motylkowatych z trawami powinny być w maksymalnym stopniu wykorzystywane w żywieniu krów mlecznych jako cenne źródło witaminy A, E i β-karotenu, które obok nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych wpływają korzystnie na jakość produkowanego mleka i zdrowie konsumentów.Antioxidants contained in bulky forages, i.e. Tocopherols and carotenoids, play a significant role in meeting the demand for carotene, and vitamins a and e in dairy cows. This paper is a review of the results of some scientific research carried out during the last decade in order to study the impact of natural antioxidants in fat contained in bulky forages on the oxidative status of milk as well as on the content of functional components in milk. Based on the research results analyzed, it is possible to manufacture milk with an increased content of unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidative substances (vitamins a, e, and β-carotene), provided, however, that the cows are fed forages with a high content of carotenoids and tocopherols. The antioxidants as named above protect the unsaturated fatty acids contained in the milk fat from adverse oxidation processes, and, at the same, they retain their high biological activity and a proper taste and odour of milk. The content of carotenoids and tocopherols in bulk forages, as well as the rate of their transfer into milk depend crucially on the following: species and variety of plants, stage of vegetation, agrotechnical measures applied, weather conditions during the vegetation period, and forage conservation methods (such as drying or silage). Green fodders and silages from vegetative meadow covers, papilionaceous plants, and mixtures of grasses and papilionaceous plants should be maximally utilized in feeding dairy cows as a valuable source of vitamins a, e, and β-carotene, since they, together with the unsaturated fatty acids, beneficially impact the quality of milk and consumers' health

Conjugated linoleic acid loaded nanostructured lipid carrier as a potential antioxidant nanocarrier for food applications

The encapsulation of fatty acids in nanocarrier systems is a very effective technique in improving their biological efficiency and controlled delivery. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) is a major type of lipid-based nanoparticle. This study is focused on producing nanolipid carrier containing conjugated linoleic acid and fortifying low-fat milk using this nanoparticle. Nanostructured lipid carriers were produced by hot high-shear homogenization containing 1.5% Poloxamer 407, cocoa butter as solid lipid, and conjugated linoleic acid as liquid oil in ratio of 10:1. Results showed that the nanoparticles sized 81 nm with monomodular dispersity and the system was stable at 4 and 22°C for 40 days. Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency (%EE) were −15.8 mV and 98.2%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the particles are in spiral form and small size and no significant aggregation was observed because of few changes in the system turbidity after storage time. The result of oxidative stability showed that using Nanostructured lipid carriers system resulted in lower malone dialdehyde production. Conjugated linoleic acid was protected at level of 3.9% of milk fatty acids in Nanostructured lipid carrier formulation during storage time. Based on these findings, Nanostructured lipid carriers system is an appropriate and stable nanocarrier system for delivery of nutraceuticals in foods and can be used in protecting them against oxidation, heating, and other processes in order to fortify foods and beverages