TESTOWANIE SAMOCHODÓW ELEKTRYCZNYCH ORAZ ICH ŁADOWAREK POD KĄTEM KOMPATYBILNOŚĆI ELEKTROMAGNETYCZNEJ

The article presents the latest information about electromagnetic compatibility testing of electric vehicles, on-board chargers and electric vehicle charging stations with a consideration of current standards and Regulation No. 10 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The aspects of immunity, conducted and radiated emissions were taken into account.W artykule przedstawiono najnowsze informacje na temat badań samochodów elektrycznych oraz ładowarek pokładowych i zewnętrznych stacji ładowania pod kątem kompatybilności elektromagnetycznej z uwzględnieniem obowiązujących norm oraz Regulaminu nr 10 Komisji Gospodarczej Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych (EKG ONZ). Pod uwagę wzięto aspekty odporności i emisji zaburzeń przewodzonych oraz promieniowanych

WŁAŚCIWOŚCI I ZASTOSOWANIA REAKTORÓW PLAZMOWYCH TYPU DYSZA PLAZMOWA

Plasma nozzle for producing low-temperature plasma, has many possible applications, in biomedical engineering, which are used to sterilize wounds and surface of medical tools easily at low temperatures and in the technology of materials, to change the physico-chemical properties of surface. Their great advantage is the possibility of precise application of ionized gas. This paper gives an overview of background science and technology of plasma jets, their possible application, and the first experimental results of mini plasma jets with dielectric barrier discharge.Reaktory plazmowe typu dysza plazmowa, służące do wytwarzania plazmy niskotemperaturowej, mają wiele możliwości zastosowań, m.in. w inżynierii biomedycznej, gdzie wykorzystywane są do sterylizacji ran powierzchniowych i narzędzi nieodpornych na działanie wysokich temperatur oraz w technice materiałowej, gdzie służą do zmiany właściwości fizyko-chemicznych powierzchni materiałów. Ich wielką zaletą jest możliwość precyzyjnej aplikacji zjonizowanego gazu w niewielkich przestrzeniach. Niniejsza praca obejmuje przegląd stosowanych w nauce i technice konstrukcji dysz plazmowych oraz możliwości ich zastosowań, a także przedstawia budowę reaktora plazmowego z wyładowaniem barierowym wraz z wynikami wykonanych pomiarów

WYBRANE METODY POMIARU TEMPERATURY PLAZMY W REAKTORACH TYPU JET

In plasma physics, the temperature is an extremely important parameter which determinates the type and energy of plasma particles, and thus their chemical and electrical properties. This is particularly important in biotechnology and medicine, where use of plasma jet reactor is limited by maximum permitted temperature of exhaust gas. The article presents selected methods of temperature measuring in non-equilibrium plasma produced in jet reactors. Due to the nature and purpose of measurement, as a particularly useful methods were described: thermocouple (the gas temperature), electrostatic probe (electron temperature) and spectroscopic methods (temperature excitation of atoms and ions).Z punktu widzenia fizyki plazmy, temperatura jest niezwykle ważnym parametrem określającym rodzaj i energię cząstek plazmy, a tym samym jej właściwości chemiczne i elektryczne. Ma to szczególne znaczenie w przypadku reaktorów typu jet, których obszar zastosowań w biotechnologii i medycynie ograniczony jest min. maksymalnymi dopuszczalnymi temperaturami gazu wylotowego. Praca przedstawia wybrane metody pomiaru temperatury plazmy nierównowagowej wytwarzanej w reaktorach typu jet. Ze względu na rodzaj i cel pomiaru, jako szczególnie przydatne metody opisano: termopary (temperatura gazu), sondy elektrostatyczne (temperatura elektronów) oraz metody spektroskopowe (temperatura wzbudzenia atomów i jonów)

An Integrated Power Supplying System for a Plasma Reactor

Plasma reactors demand unique requirements of their power sources such as high-voltage output, variable frequency and a current limiting capability. This paper shows a new means of providing power to a plasma reactor based on a magnetic frequency tripler and transformer. The integration of the tripler and transformer allows one to obtain improved operating characteristics and power utilization compared to othr conventional types of power sources

Performance of Medium Frequency Supplying System for Plasma Reactor

There are certain requirements of the supplying system which need to be satisfied to obtain the good performance of a plasma reactor. Thus the system should ensure the high-voltage output, increased frequency and current limiting facility. This paper shows some example results of analysis of a magnetic frequency quintupler and a short description of used method. Presented supplying system seems to fulfill the requirements given by a plasma reactor of considered type

Supply Systems of Non-Thermal Plasma Reactors. Construction Review with Examples of Applications

A review of the supply systems of non-thermal plasma reactors (NTPR) with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) and gliding arc discharge (GAD) was performed. This choice is due to the following reasons: these types of electrical discharges produce non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure, the reactor design is well developed and relatively simple, the potential area of application is large, especially in environmental protection processes and biotechnologies currently under development, theses reactors can be powered from similar sources using non-linear transformer magnetic circuits and power electronics systems, and finally, these plasma reactors and their power supply systems, as well as their applications are the subject of research conducted by the author of the review and her team from the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnology of the Lublin University of Technology, Poland

Testowanie samochodów elektrycznych oraz ich ładowarek pod kątem kompatybilności elektromagnetycznej

he article presents the latest information about electromagnetic compatibility testing of electric vehicles, on-board chargers and electric vehicle charging stations with a consideration of current standards and Regulation No. 10 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).The aspects of immunity, conducted and radiated emissions were taken into account.W artykule przedstawiono najnowsze informacje na temat badań samochodów elektrycznych oraz ładowarek pokładowych i zewnętrznych stacji ładowania pod kątem kompatybilności elektromagnetycznej z uwzględnieniem obowiązujących norm oraz Regulaminu nr 10 Komisji Gospodarczej Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych (EKG ONZ). Pod uwagęwzięto aspekty odporności i emisji zaburzeń przewodzonych oraz promieniowanych

Applications of Plasma Produced with Electrical Discharges in Gases for Agriculture and Biomedicine

The use of thermal and non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma to solve problems related to agriculture and biomedicine is the focus of this paper. Plasma in thermal equilibrium is used where heat is required. In agriculture, it is used to treat soil and land contaminated by the products of biomass, plastics, post-hospital and pharmaceutical waste combustion, and also by ecological phenomena that have recently been observed, such as droughts, floods and storms, leading to environmental pollution. In biomedical applications, thermal plasma is used in so-called indirect living tissue treatment. The sources of thermal plasma are arcs, plasma torches and microwave plasma reactors. In turn, atmospheric pressure cold (non-thermal) plasma is applied in agriculture and biomedicine where heat adversely affects technological processes. The thermodynamic imbalance of cold plasma makes it suitable for organic syntheses due its low power requirements and the possibility of conducting chemical reactions in gas at relatively low and close to ambient temperatures. It is also suitable in the treatment of living tissues and sterilisation of medical instruments made of materials that are non-resistant to high temperatures. Non-thermal and non-equilibrium discharges at atmospheric pressure that include dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) and atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs), as well as gliding arc (GAD), can be the source of cold plasma. This paper presents an overview of agriculture and soil protection problems and biomedical and health protection problems that can be solved with the aid of plasma produced with electrical discharges. In particular, agricultural processes related to water, sewage purification with ozone and with advanced oxidation processes, as well as those related to contaminated soil treatment and pest control, are presented. Among the biomedical applications of cold plasma, its antibacterial activity, wound healing, cancer treatment and dental problems are briefly discussed