9 research outputs found
Π£ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°
Cognitive impairment is a frequent manifestation of dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment are distinguished by severity. It is necessary to detect cognitive impairment as early as possible, since timely adequate therapy can significantly improve the prognosis. Therefore, in recent years, more and more attention is paid to the problem of moderate cognitive disorders. The prevalence of the syndrome of moderate cognitive disorders among people over 65 years of age is from 11 to 17%. In most cases, they are treated as precursory form of vascular dementia. Long-term observations show that moderate cognitive disorders are transformed into dementia in the course of a year in 10-15% of the cases, which is 5-10 times higher than the risk of dementia in the general population of the elderly. The diagnosis is based on patient's complaints, data obtained by neuropsychological tests and clinical evaluation of patient's daily activities. Neuropsychological research methods are used to objectify the diagnosis. Cognitive disorders of vascular genesis can be significantly compensated in case of timely diagnosis and adequate pathogenetic therapy of the underlying disease. Based on the modern ideas about the pathogenesis of mild cognitive disorders in dyscirculatory encephalopathy, it is very promising to use drugs that improve cerebral metabolism and have neuroprotective properties. One of the drugs with a pronounced metabolic effect is Cerebrolysin. Its multimodal neurospecific effect is well known, and its neurotrophic activity, which is similar to that of natural neurotrophic factors, has been confirmed. Cerebrolysin increases the density of synapses and induces neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Also, Cerebrolysin promotes the formation of highly differentiated GABA-ergic neurons from undifferentiated stem cells in the hippocampal region.ΠΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 65 Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡ 11 Π΄ΠΎ 17%. Π Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² 10-15% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² 5-10 ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠΠ-Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ
ΠΠΎΠ»Ρ: ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅,ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
The review article analyzes the current data on the pathogenesis of pain. With the help of functional neuroimaging, it was shown that in response to nociceptive stimuli, there is a more extensive activation of cerebral connections than was previously thought. The importance of functional connections providing integrated coordination of brain structures activation was also demonstrated. At the same time, spontaneous cerebral oscillations and changes in the function of attention play an important role in the process of feeling pain. The process of pain chronification is associated with changes in neuronal connections and their dynamics. At the same time, changes in the emotional sphere and cognitive reactions are also important. It is concluded that the obtained data open up new opportunities for the development of methods of influence that can reduce or completely eliminate of pain of various origins.Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°
Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease with multiple defects of immune regulation. The prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus varies from 12.5 to 40 per 100 000 population, with predominance among women of reproductive age. Nervous system impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus (neurolupus) occurs in 25 to 83% of cases of SLE and is associated with vasculopathy, thrombosis and hemorrhages, and direct damage to brain tissues with antibodies. The article presents a summary of clinical observation.Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ° - Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ 12,5 Π΄ΠΎ 40 Π½Π° 100 000 Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ (Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΡ) Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² 25-83% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π‘ΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Pain syndrome due to dorsopathy in prospects of pregnancy [ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π]
Dorsopathy is diagnosed in 25-90 % of pregnant women, in 40 % of women it persists for 14-18 months after delivery. The leading symptom complex of dorsopathy is low back pain, pelvic girdle pain and their combination. The consequences of underdiagnosis of dorsopathies are expressed in the erroneous diagnosis of Β«Threatened miscarriageΒ» and the unreasonable appointment of hormone therapy with progestins. The etiopathogenesis of neurological syndromes of the lumbar spine that developed during pregnancy is diverse and not yet fully understood. Its basis is formed by hormonal changes (increased levels of progesterone, estrogen, relaxin), which, possibly, contribute to a change in the structure of articular ligaments. The increasing weight of the uterus leads to a shift in the center of gravity of the pregnant woman, hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine and tilt of the pelvis anteriorly, tilt of the neck forward, extension of the head and upper back, extension of the knees, flattening of the feet. Vascular changes due to pregnancy contribute to impaired blood supply to muscle structures in the lower back and pelvic organs, although no reliable evidence has yet been obtained. Promising are the studies of molecular markers of the structurally functional usefulness of tendons and ligaments, which determine the activity of all musculoskeletal components. An objective assessment of pain due to dorsopathies during pregnancy remains extremely difficult and not always feasible. Prevention and the choice of effective therapy during pregnancy for variants of dorsopathies remain debatable and limited. This review systematizes modern ideas on this issue. Β© 2020 Stavropol State Medical University. All rights reserved
Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease with multiple defects of immune regulation. The prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus varies from 12.5 to 40 per 100 000 population, with predominance among women of reproductive age. Nervous system impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus (neurolupus) occurs in 25 to 83% of cases of SLE and is associated with vasculopathy, thrombosis and hemorrhages, and direct damage to brain tissues with antibodies. The article presents a summary of clinical observation.Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ° - Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ 12,5 Π΄ΠΎ 40 Π½Π° 100 000 Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ (Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΡ) Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² 25-83% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π‘ΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°
Dystrophic myotonia (DM) is characterized by a progressive course with a high frequency of disability and death in children and people of working age. Dystrophic myotonia type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of myotonia with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The genetic defect is caused by the expansion of trinucleotide CTG (Cytosine-Thymine-Guanidine) repetitions in the myotonin protein kinase gene (DMPK-Dystropia Myotonica Protein Kinase). This article discusses the etiopathogenesis, features of clinical symptoms, and methods of diagnosing the disease. The case of authors' own clinical observation of a family with DM1 is given.ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠ) Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ 1 ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° (ΠΠ1), ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
CTG (Cytosine-Thymine-Gua- nidine) - ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ (DMPK - Dystropia Myotonica Protein Kinase). Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΠ1
Historical aspects of the study of dementia [Istoricheskie aspekty izucheniya dementsii]
Currently, life expectancy is increasing every year, and with it the diseases that are characteristic of the elderly. Dementia is one such condition. According to statistics, there are 9 people with dementia per 100 healthy people aged 60 and over. However, it is important to understand that dementia can also be viewed in a historical context. Over time, ideas about this condition, approaches to its management, as well as the attitude of society towards patients with dementia have changed. The article describes the history of the study of dementia, which went along with the development of medicine, anatomy, neurology and psychiatry. In different historical periods, people's understanding of the mechanisms of development, etiology and pathogenesis of this condition has changed. Ethics and deontology gradually developed, which undoubtedly played an important role in improving the life of not only patients with dementia, but also the relationship between the doctor and the patient as a whole. The main stages in the study of dementia have become the basis for the modern understanding of this condition.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ β ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π½Π° 100 Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 60 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ 9 Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅. Π‘ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ