Influence of the high-power ion-beam irradiation of a hydroxyapatite target on the properties of formed calcium phosphate coatings

The physical-mechanical of properties of biocompatible calcium phosphate coatings deposited onto titanium and silicon substrates from erosion materials, which are generated by irradiating hydroxyapatite (synthetic and natural) targets by means of the high-power pulsed ion beam of a Temp-4 accelerator, are investigated. A calculation technique for predicting the rate and energy efficiency of deposition using pulsed ion beams is proposed. Their characteristics are analyzed as applied to the formation of calcium phosphate coatings

СИНТЕЗ, ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ И МАГНИТНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ПЛЕНОК ЭВТЕКТИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА СИСТЕМЫ GaSb-MnSb

The results of the technology and electrical and magnetic properties study of eutectic GaSb-MnSb films are presented. Eutectic GaSb-MnSb films ranging in thickness from 80 to 130 nm have been grown on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition using mechanical droplet separation.Приведены результаты технологии получения и исследования электрических, магнитных свойств пленок эвтектического состава системы GaSb-MnSb толщиной 80-130 нм, полученных импульсным лазерным осаждением с использованием механической сепарации капель на лейкосапфировых подложках

The synthesis, electric and magnetic properties of films witH eftectic composition of GаSb-MnSb system

The results of the technology and electrical and magnetic properties study of eutectic GaSb-MnSb films are presented. Eutectic GaSb-MnSb films ranging in thickness from 80 to 130 nm have been grown on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition using mechanical droplet separation

Solid-state 2H NMR relaxation illuminates functional dynamics of retinal cofactor in membrane activation of rhodopsin

Rhodopsin is a canonical member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors, which transmit signals across cellular membranes and are linked to many drug interventions in humans. Here we show that solid-state 2H NMR relaxation allows investigation of light-induced changes in local ps–ns time scale motions of retinal bound to rhodopsin. Site-specific 2H labels were introduced into methyl groups of the retinal ligand that are essential to the activation process. We conducted solid-state 2H NMR relaxation (spin-lattice, T1Z, and quadrupolar-order, T1Q) experiments in the dark, Meta I, and Meta II states of the photoreceptor. Surprisingly, we find the retinylidene methyl groups exhibit site-specific differences in dynamics that change upon light excitation—even more striking, the C9-methyl group is a dynamical hotspot that corresponds to a crucial functional hotspot of rhodopsin. Following 11-cis to trans isomerization, the 2H NMR data suggest the β-ionone ring remains in its hydrophobic binding pocket in all three states of the protein. We propose a multiscale activation mechanism with a complex energy landscape, whereby the photonic energy is directed against the E2 loop by the C13-methyl group, and toward helices H3 and H5 by the C5-methyl of the β-ionone ring. Changes in retinal structure and dynamics initiate activating fluctuations of transmembrane helices H5 and H6 in the Meta I–Meta II equilibrium of rhodopsin. Our proposals challenge the Standard Model whereby a single light-activated receptor conformation yields the visual response—rather an ensemble of substates is present, due to the entropy gain produced by photolysis of the inhibitory retinal lock

Surface Modification of AISI-4620 Steel With Intense Pulsed Ion Beams

A 300-keV, 30-kA, 1-{micro}s intense beam of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen ions is used for the surface treatment of AISI-4620 steel coupons, a common material used in automotive gear applications. The beam is extracted from a magnetically-insulated vacuum diode and deposited into the top 1 {micro}m of the target surface. The beam-solid interaction causes a rapid melt and resolidification with heating and cooling rates of up to 10{sup 10} K/sec. Treated surfaces are smoothed over 1-{micro}m scale-lengths, but are accompanied by 1-{micro}m diameter craters and larger-scale roughening over >=10 {micro}m, depending on beam fluence and number of pulses. Treated surfaces are up to 1.8 x harder with no discernible change in modulus over depths of 1 {micro}m or more Qualitative improvements in the wear morphology of treated surfaces are reported