Nanomechanics of individual aerographite tetrapods

R.A., O.L. and K.S. would like to thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for the financial support under schemes AD 183/17-1 and SFB 986-TP-B1, respectively, and the Graphene FET Flagship. R.M. and D.E. would like to thank for financial support from Latvian Council of Science, no. 549/2012. N.M.P. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC PoC 2015 SILKENE no. 693670) and by the European Commission H2020 under the Graphene Flagship (WP14 ‘Polymer Composites’, no. 696656) and under the FET Proactive (‘Neurofibres’ no. 732344). S.S. acknowledges support from SILKENE

Degradation of haloaromatic compounds

An ever increasing number of halogenated organic compounds has been produced by industry in the last few decades. These compounds are employed as biocides, for synthetic polymers, as solvents, and as synthetic intermediates. Production figures are often incomplete, and total production has frequently to be extrapolated from estimates for individual countries. Compounds of this type as a rule are highly persistent against biodegradation and belong, as "recalcitrant" chemicals, to the class of so-called xenobiotics. This term is used to characterise chemical substances which have no or limited structural analogy to natural compounds for which degradation pathways have evolved over billions of years. Xenobiotics frequently have some common features. e.g. high octanol/water partitioning coefficients and low water solubility which makes for a high accumulation ratio in the biosphere (bioaccumulation potential). Recalcitrant compounds therefore are found accumulated in mammals, especially in fat tissue, animal milk supplies and also in human milk. Highly sophisticated analytical techniques have been developed for the detection of organochlorines at the trace and ultratrace level

Der mikrobielle Abbau von Dibenzofuran Modelluntersuchungen zum Abbau von cyclischen Biarylethern

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DW 7117 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Umweltschutz durch Verringerung von Blindstromverlusten bei Elektrogeraeten Bestandsaufnahme

The sharp rise in non-linear loads in the form of electronic devices (and direct current operated electrical appliances), especially in the residential and office sectors, has now led to a situation in which 'distortive reactive currents' (or harmonic currents) arise to a great extent due to pulse-shaped power consumption. In the course of the investigation the relevance of distortive reactive currents was estimated and the effects of the EN 61000-3-2 standard examined, according to which the harmonic currents in TV sets and PCs must be limited since February 1, 2001 by means of PF Controller (power factor controller). The model calculations show that harmonics in the mains caused by non-linear loads can have significant effects on the power supply. The effects caused by these are clearly apparent in large monostructured consumers - such as office buildings, supermarkets, computer centres equipped more than the average with EDP systems, fluorescent lamps with electronic ballasts, etc. The additional resistive losses in the low-voltage mains caused by harmonic distortion can in the extreme case add up to 20-25%, related to the total power, if a phase conductor is loaded with one device class (e.g. compact fluorescent lamps). The model calculations permit the conclusion that above a certain proportion - first rough estimates indicate a share of approx. 40% of non-linear loads - the distortive losses in the mains rise more than proportionately above a critical threshold, so that overloading the neutral wire (even causing cable fires) cannot be ruled out. For the selected examples of the residential and office sectors, distortive reactive currents occurring when the mains are loaded by a mixture of linear loads and non-linear loads were estimated. Here the additional losses due to harmonic currents are in the range of 1.0-1.5% of the total power consumption. The distortive losses in these cases were relatively small, since the share of the linear loads in the load examples considered was still relatively high and certain compensation effects took place. Oeko-Institut - Institute for Applied Ecology - recommends that the overall economic relevance of the losses due to harmonic currents is examined more thoroughly. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(2000,380) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman