Caracterização de materiais cerâmicos à base de CuCr 2 O 4 preparados pelo método da reação de combustão em solução para uso como pigmentos

CuCr2O4-based ceramic pigments were prepared by the method of solution combustion synthesis starting at calcination in the range of 500 to 1100 °C, aiming to the application as ceramic pigment. The structural, morphological, chemical and optical properties of the material were studied using the techniques of X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, diffuse reflectance and L*, a*, b* colorimetric coordinates based on the CIE-L*a*b* method. The synthesized powders were mixed with matte and transparent glazes and applied in ceramic matrices. The results indicated that an increase in temperature led to the conversion of the chromite phase, in which regular polyhedra were observed, to delafossite, presenting a hexagonal platelike morphology. Diffuse reflectance revealed the formation of dark colored powders, confirmed by the colorimetric data. The synthesized powders exhibited green pigmenting ability when mixed into the ceramic glazes.PPGEMPPGQDAQ IFMA, Av. Getúlio Vargas 4, S. LuísPPGEA UFMA, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, S. LuísCMDMC LIEC Instituto de Química UNESP, C.P. 355CMDMC LIEC Instituto de Química UNESP, C.P. 35

Tetrapyrrole Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

Higher plants produce four classes of tetrapyrroles, namely, chlorophyll (Chl), heme, siroheme, and phytochromobilin. In plants, tetrapyrroles play essential roles in a wide range of biological activities including photosynthesis, respiration and the assimilation of nitrogen/sulfur. All four classes of tetrapyrroles are derived from a common biosynthetic pathway that resides in the plastid. In this article, we present an overview of tetrapyrrole metabolism in Arabidopsis and other higher plants, and we describe all identified enzymatic steps involved in this metabolism. We also summarize recent findings on Chl biosynthesis and Chl breakdown. Recent advances in this field, in particular those on the genetic and biochemical analyses of novel enzymes, prompted us to redraw the tetrapyrrole metabolic pathways. In addition, we also summarize our current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms governing tetrapyrrole metabolism. The interactions of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and other cellular processes including the plastid-to-nucleus signal transduction are discussed