International Arbitration and the Republic of Colombia: Commercial, Comparative and Constitutional Concerns From a U.S. Perspective

This article undertakes the first comparative analysis of Colombian arbitration law in English, setting Colombian statutory and case law side by side with international and U.S. law to provide U.S. parties with the information they need to (1) evaluate the risks and benefits associated with entering into an arbitration agreement with a Colombian party and (2) establish the kinds of procedures needed to provide optimal protection of the arbitral process and any resulting award. Not only does this research discuss important comparative and commercial matters, it also considers how a unique type of constitutional challenge - the acción de tutela - affects arbitration law in Colombia

Modelling cosmic rays and gamma rays in the Galaxy

An extensive program for the calculation of galactic cosmic-ray propagation has been developed. This is a continuation of the work described in Strong & Youssefi (1995). The main motivation for developing this code is the prediction of diffuse Galactic gamma rays for comparison with data from the CGRO instruments EGRET, COMPTEL, and OSSE. The basic spatial propagation mechanisms are (momentum-dependent) diffusion, convection, while in momentum space energy loss and diffusive reacceleration are treated. Primary and secondary nucleons, primary and secondary electrons, and secondary positrons are included. Fragmentation and energy losses are computed using realistic distributions for the interstellar gas and radiation fields. This study indicates that it is possible to construct a model satisfying a wide range of observational constraints and provides a basis for future developments.Comment: 5 pages including 7 figures, latex, aipproc.sty, aipproc.cls, epsfig.sty. To be published in Proc. 4th Compton Symp., 1997 (27-30 April, Williamsburg, Virginia). Details can be found at http://www.gamma.mpe-garching.mpg.de/~aws/aws.htm

Stirring apparatus for plural test tubes Patent

Design of mechanical device for stirring several test tubes simultaneousl