Assessment of orofacial dysfunctions, salivary cortisol levels and oral health related quality of life (ORHQoL) in young adults

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Objective: To investigate the relationship of orofacial dysfunction and salivary cortisol levels with oral health quality of life (ORHQoL) in young adults. Design: Thirty individuals of both genders (22.93 +/- 2.42 years) participated. The orofacial dysfunction was evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) and the ORHQoL using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49). Saliva samples were collected during three days, at waking up and 30 min after, obtaining the awakening cortisol response - ACR. The data were analysed by Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression (alpha = 0.05). The NOT-S scores and ACR (mu g/dl) were dichotomized by the median (2.0 and 0.15, respectively). Results: NOT-S and ACR showed similar values between genders (P > 0.05). The individuals with NOT-S scores above the median presented values of "physical pain" domain significantly higher than the individuals with scores bellow or equal to the median. Significant correlations were found between the OHIP-49 domains "physical pain" and "physical disability" and NOT-S scores. In multiple linear regression, significant values were observed between NOT-S and OHIP-49 and the domains physical pain, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap, with determination coefficients ranging from 0.09 to 0.15. There was not association with the ACR. Conclusions: Individuals with orofacial dysfunction presented impairment in ORHQoL, but not enough to change salivary cortisol levels. Furthermore, gender did not have influence on ORHQoL in the studied sample. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.561215211527Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Assessment of thickness and function of masticatory and cervical muscles in adults with and without temporomandibular disorders

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximal bite force (MBF), electromyographic (EMG) activity and thickness of the masseter, anterior part of the temporalis and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles in a group of young adults with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Design: Nineteen individuals comprised the TMD group (6 males/13 females, aged 25.4 +/- 3.8 years), classified based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD), and 19 comprised the control group (6 males/13 females, aged 24.1 +/- 3.6 years). The MBF was determined with a transducer placed between the dental arches at the first molars level (N). The muscles were evaluated bilaterally at rest and during maximal voluntary clenching (MVC) by assessing EMG activity and performing ultrasonography (USG). The mean values of these measures for both sides of the mouth were used. The normality of the distributions was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilks test. Variables between groups and genders were compared using two-way factorial ANOVA test and correlated using the Spearman coefficient (alpha = 0.05). Unpaired t test was used to compare variables between TMD subgroups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables associated with the presence of TMD. Results: MBF, EMG and USG data were similar among clinical groups and among TMD subgroups. The thickness of masseter and SCM muscles in the relaxed and clenching states were significantly higher in males than females. On the other hand, the EMG of the temporalis muscle in the rest state was significantly higher in females than males. Additionally, the MBF was positively correlated with the USG characteristics of masseter and SCM muscles, as well as with the EMG activity of masseter and temporalis muscles in the TMD group. In this group, there was also a positive correlation between the thickness of the masseter muscle and its activity. On the other hand, the thickness of the SCM muscle was negatively correlated with its activity. A lower MBF was independently associated with the presence of TMD.58911001108Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Effects of Head Posture on Cervical Muscle Thickness and Activity in Young Adults With and Without Temporomandibular Disorders

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Objectives: To evaluate electrical activity [EMG] and muscular thickness by ultrasonography of sternocleidomastoid [SCM] muscles in young adults with temporomandibular disorders [TMD], and to determine the effects of head posture on these measures. Methods: The study subjects were recruited into a TMD group and a healthy normal control group. The TMD diagnoses were made using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. The control group subjects did not meet those TMD criteria. The head tilt was clinically evaluated in all subjects. Data were collected three times at rest, maximal clenching, flexion, and extension of the head, bilaterally. Shapiro-Wilks, Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, unpaired t test, ANOVA and Tukey test, and correlation and logistic regression were applied [alpha=0.05]. Results: The TMD group consisted of 19 individuals [age 25.4 +/- 3.8 years]. The cControl groups consisted of 28 individuals [age 25.9 +/- 4.7 years]. The controls showed greater values in activity and thickness for the right SCM than TMD subjects during flexion and relaxation, respectively. The TMD group presented lower thickness for both muscles when the head was tilted to the right, except during extension. During clenching, EMG activity was significantly higher for the TMD group when the head was to the right. The right SCM showed lower activity during flexion in the TMD group. Ultrasonography and EMG were positively correlated for the right SCM during flexion when the head was to the right. For the other positions, the correlations were negative. The TMD group was more likely to present a lower SCM activity during flexion. Conclusions: The SCM thickness and activity are influenced by the presence of TMD during neck and mandibular movements, as well as the side of head tilt.2218998Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil