Key performance indicators in corporate finance

© 2015, Asian Social Science. All rights reserved. The relevance of the study caused by the necessity to assess the impact of KPI system for growth of shareholders welfare and the satisfaction of the interests of other stakeholders. KPI concept suggests widespread use of these factors as measures of internal and external efficiency, as well as an incentive for management to meet the strategic objectives of the company. The article examines the influence of key performance indicators on the value of Russian companies. We used the following tools of econometric research: content analysis and econometric modeling to conduct the study

Key performance indicators in internal control

© Medwell Journals, 2017. This study describes some of the approaches to the problem of establishing an effective system of internal financial control structures aimed at rational use of material, labor and financial resources in the conditions of crisis in the global economy. In the study in particular, we hypothesized about the need to use key performance indicators in the internal financial control system. The KPI system is integrated in the modern concept of corporate finance in particular VBM. In this regard in the study, we constructed an econometric model of the relationship between financial performance and economic value added for the purpose of identifying which particular KPI may serve as reference points for the internal financial control department

Ритмическая транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция в терапии нейропатической боли, сопровождающейся коморбидной депрессией: обзор эффективных параметров лечебных протоколов

Neuropathic pain affects 7 % of the general population worldwide, it is often resistant to analgesic treatments and is complicated with depressive states in 57–65 % of this patients’ cohort. Ongoing research of current therapeutic approaches, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) use in neuropathic pain and depression, grants new data about the details of treatment protocols’ designs. The aim of our literature review was to evaluate those parameters of the treatment protocols which proved significant efficacy in the management of the neuropathic pain with comorbid depression.Focusing on the Scopus, Elsevier and PubMed databases search, we have found 639 peer‑review articles. 23 studies have been included into the data analysis, whereas others were excluded based on their heterogeneous study design. Across the data analysis we evaluated such rTMS parameters as the type of a coil, type of stimulation area, locus of gained evoked motor potential, amplitude of stimulation, duration of session, frequency/number of sessions per day/month, tie duration between sessions, number and frequency of trains, amount and frequency of pulses containing and efficacy of treatment. Those studies that performed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation using the figure‑of‑8 coil over the M1 brain area, for 10 or more daily sessions with duration from 7 up to 40 minutes, of 10–20 Hz frequency, intensity 80–90 % of resting motor threshold and total pulses number over 1500 per session demonstrated the greater efficacy in pain level decrease and depression scores reduction among neuropathic pain patients with comorbid depression. Conducting an additional maintenance phase of treatment prolonged the therapeutic effect of the course.Based on the data review, the parameters of the most efficient rTMS protocols’ designs in management of patients with neuropathic pain and comorbid depression have been revealed. Further research requires investigation of other promising indicators of rTMS efficacy use in neuropathic pain with comorbid depression, such as stimulation over multiple brain areas, the duration/timing of additional maintenance phase of treatment, and the figure‑of‑8 coil orientation options.По общемировым данным, нейропатическая боль встречается у 7 % населения и в 57–65 % случаев сопровождается коморбидной депрессией, что, в свою очередь, усугубляет течение болезни и ухудшает качество жизни пациентов. Ритмическая транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция (рТМС) представляет собой неинвазивный нефармакологический метод терапии депрессии,  также способный помочь пациентам облегчить восприятие нейропатической боли. Представлен обзор результатов применения протоколов рТМС, продемонстрировавших эффективность в терапии клинических состояний, сопровождающихся нейропатической болью с коморбидной депрессией.Исследуя базы данных Scopus, Elsevier и PubMed , мы обнаружили 639 статей, из которых в соответствии с критериями включения были отобраны 23. Оценке подверглись данные о клинической эффективности рТМС в терапии нейропатической боли и коморбидной депрессии в зависимости от параметров протокола стимуляции, включая тип катушки, целевую зону мозга, продолжительность сеанса, частоту/количество сеансов в день/месяц, а также межсеансовые интервалы, число и частоту импульсов.Протоколы, показавшие наибольшую эффективность, включали такие параметры, как использование катушки в форме восьмерки, направленной на первичную моторную зону (M1), применение рТМС в течение не менее 10 ежедневных сеансов, использование высокочастотной стимуляции (10–20 Гц) с интенсивностью 80–90 % от порога моторного ответа, с длительностью сессии от 7 до 40 мин и с общим количеством импульсов не менее 1500 за сеанс. Проведение дополнительной поддерживающей фазы лечения продлевало терапевтический эффект курса.Результаты анализа данных литературы предполагают, что определенная комбинация параметров стимуляции может быть более эффективной для терапии нейропатической боли, сопровождающейся коморбидной депрессией, тем самым открывая новые возможности терапии для пациентов с резистентными состояниями, плохо поддающимися фармакологической коррекции. Рассмотрение параметров протоколов рТМС выявило необходимость дальнейшего изучения метода в лечении указанных клинических состояний не только в рамках репликации данных, но и для анализа таких дополнительных параметров, как последовательная или одновременная стимуляция нескольких областей мозга, угол поворота катушки, а также для уточнения времени поддерживающей фазы стимуляции

Problematic aspects of corporate tax risk empirical analysis

© 2015, Asian Social Science. All rights reserved. Theoretically corporate tax risk is defined as the probability of deviations of the tax burden from the planned values. From the standpoint of tax law there are much more taxation risk factors. The revenue authorities considered as a risk factor not only the amount of the tax burden, but also its fluctuation relative to the average industry value. Besides these, taxation risk factors are: low level of the average wage in a corporation, losses in the company’s several tax periods, increase of costs, compared with revenues exceeding the growth rate of tax deductions for VAT, the inconsistency of profitability indicators to average industry values, etc. So, the following question arises: whether the selection of these factors in terms of their relationship to the cost management is justified? Do the taxes and taxation risk in the value of a corporation is essentially? This article is devoted to research these problematical issues

Key performance indicators in corporate finance

© 2015, Asian Social Science. All rights reserved. The relevance of the study caused by the necessity to assess the impact of KPI system for growth of shareholders welfare and the satisfaction of the interests of other stakeholders. KPI concept suggests widespread use of these factors as measures of internal and external efficiency, as well as an incentive for management to meet the strategic objectives of the company. The article examines the influence of key performance indicators on the value of Russian companies. We used the following tools of econometric research: content analysis and econometric modeling to conduct the study

Skeleton at Desk

A partially clothed skeleton sitting at a des

Key performance indicators in internal control

© Medwell Journals, 2017. This study describes some of the approaches to the problem of establishing an effective system of internal financial control structures aimed at rational use of material, labor and financial resources in the conditions of crisis in the global economy. In the study in particular, we hypothesized about the need to use key performance indicators in the internal financial control system. The KPI system is integrated in the modern concept of corporate finance in particular VBM. In this regard in the study, we constructed an econometric model of the relationship between financial performance and economic value added for the purpose of identifying which particular KPI may serve as reference points for the internal financial control department