A PERFORMER\u27S ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITIONAL APPROACHES IN \u3ci\u3eSHORT STORIES\u3c/i\u3e FOR SAXOPHONE QUARTET BY JENNIFER HIGDON

The purpose of this document is to further the saxophonist’s understanding of Short Stories (1996) for saxophone quartet by Jennifer Higdon. By connecting biographical information with a thorough analysis including a commentary on programmatic influences, the saxophonist can gain a greater awareness of the context surrounding the piece and successfully portray important compositional elements inherent in the work. Jennifer Higdon is one of the most respected classical composers of the early 21st Century, gaining acclaim through a continually expanding catalogue of works that include operatic, orchestral, choral, and chamber compositions. As a two-time Grammy and Pulitzer Prize awardee, Higdon’s music has already received scholarly attention through an investigation of her works to better understand her compositional devices. Previous research focuses on select orchestral works and chamber works for flute while little research exists on the works for saxophone. This document first presents an overview of Higdon’s childhood experiences in the 1960s-70s which influence her compositional style. An overview of Higdon’s general style follows with references to some of her most successful works. Next, this document reveals the genesis of Short Stories by providing historical information of the commissioning process gained through interviews with members of the commissioning ensembles and the composer. Lastly, this document investigates the compositional approaches of the piece through an analysis of form, texture, melody, harmony, timbre, and rhythm, including a commentary on key programmatic elements. Advisor: Paul Haa

Distinctive populations of basement membrane and cell membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans are produced by cultured cell lines

Abstract. We have investigated the nature and distribution of different populations of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in several cell lines in culture. Clone 9 hepatocytes and NRK and CHO cells were biosynthetically labeled with 35SO4, and proteoglycans were isolated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Heterogeneous populations of HSPGs and chondroitin/dermatan proteoglycans (CSPGs) were found in the media and cell layer extracts of all cultures. HSPGs were further purified from the media and cell layers and separated from CSPGs by ion exchange chromatography after chondroitinase ABC digestion. In all cell types, HSPGs were found both in the cell layers (20-70 % of the total) as well as the medium. When the purified HSPG fractions were further separated b

N4WBP5A (Ndfip2), a Nedd4-interacting protein, localizes to multivesicular bodies and the Golgi, and has a potential role in protein trafficking

N4WBP5A (Ndfip2) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved group of Nedd4-interacting proteins with two homologues in mammalian species. We have previously shown that N4WBP5A expression in Xenopus oocytes results in increased cell-surface expression of the epithelial sodium channel. N4WBPs are characterized by one or two amino terminal PPxY motifs and three transmembrane domains. Here we show that both PPxY motifs of N4WBP5A mediate interaction with WW domains of Nedd4 and that N4WBP5A can physically interact with the WW domains of several Nedd4-family proteins. N4WBP5A is ubiquitinated and ubiquitination does not significantly affect the turnover of N4WBP5A protein. Ubiquitination of N4WBP5A is enhanced by Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 expression. N4WBP5A localizes to the Golgi, vesicles associated with the Golgi complex and to multivesicular bodies. We show that the ectopic expression of N4WBP5A inhibits receptor-mediated endocytosis of labelled epidermal growth factor. N4WBP5A overexpression inhibits accumulation of EGF in large endocytic/lysosomal vesicles suggestive of a role for N4WBP5A in protein trafficking. We propose that N4WBP5A acts as an adaptor to recruit Nedd4 family ubiquitin-protein ligases to the protein trafficking machinery.Linda M. Shearwin-Whyatt, Darren L. Brown, Fiona G. Wylie, Jennifer L. Stow and Sharad Kuma

A heterotrimeric G protein, G alpha i-3, on Golgi membranes regulates the secretion of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells

A heterotrimeric G-alpha-i subunit, alpha-i-3, is localized on Golgi membranes in LLC-PK1 and NRK epithelial cells where it colocalizes with mannosidase II by immunofluorescence. The alpha-i-3 was found to be localized on the cytoplasmic face of Golgi cisternae and it was distributed across the whole Golgi stack. The alpha-i-3 subunit is found on isolated rat liver Golgi membranes by Western blotting and G-alpha-i-3 on the Golgi apparatus is ADP ribosylated by pertussis toxin. LLC-PK1 cells were stably transfected with G-alpha-i-3 on an MT-1, inducible promoter in order to overexpress alpha-i-3 on Golgi membranes. The intracellular processing and constitutive secretion of the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) was measured in LLC-PK1 cells. Overexpression of alpha-i-3 on Golgi membranes in transfected cells retarded the secretion of HSPG and accumulated precursors in the medial-trans-Golgi. This effect was reversed by treatment of cells with pertussis toxin which results in ADP-ribosylation and functional uncoupling of G-alpha-i-3 on Golgi membranes. These results provide evidence for a novel role for the pertussis toxin sensitive G-alpha-i-3 protein in Golgi trafficking of a constitutively secreted protein in epithelial cells

Identification of a 200-kD, brefeldin-sensitive protein on Golgi membranes

A mAb AD7, raised against canine liver Golgi membranes, recognizes a novel, 200-kD protein (p200) which is found in a wide variety of cultured cell lines. Immunofluorescence staining of cultured cells with the AD7 antibody produced intense staining of p200 in the juxtanuclear Golgi complex and more diffuse staining of p200 in the cytoplasm. The p200 protein in the Golgi complex was colocalized with other Golgi proteins, including mannosidase II and beta-COP, a coatomer protein. Localization of p200 by immunoperoxidase staining at the electron microscopic level revealed concentrations of p200 at the dilated rims of Golgi cisternae. Biochemical studies showed that p200 is a peripheral membrane protein which partitions to the aqueous phase of Triton X-114 solutions and is phosphorylated. The p200 protein is located on the cytoplasmic face of membranes, since it was accessible to trypsin digestion in microsomal preparations. and is recovered in approximately equal amounts in membrane pellets and in the cytosol of homogenized cells. Immunofluorescence staining of normal rat kidney cells exposed to the toxin brefeldin A (BFA), showed that there was very rapid redistribution of p200, which was dissociated from Golgi membranes in the presence of this drug. The effect of BFA was reversible, since upon removal of the toxin, AD7 rapidly reassociated with the Golgi complex. In the BFA-resistant cell line PtK1, BFA failed to cause redistribution of p200 from Golgi membranes. Taken together, these results indicate that the p200 Golgi membrane-associated protein has many properties in common with the coatomer protein, beta-COP

DATA REPORT

INTRODUCTION Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 116 cored the distal part of the Bengal Fan at three closely spaced sites (717-719). The recovered sediments consisted dominantly of turbidites that varied in thickness between a few centimeters and 2 m or more. A number of different facies have been identified in the sequence and are described by Stow et al. (this volume). Representative examples of these facies types were selected and sampled for grain-size analysis. The results of these analyses are tabulated in this data report. METHODS Sediment samples of approximately 2-g dry weight were placed in 50-cm 3 beakers and disaggregated in a solution of 10% Calgon. To assist in complete disaggregation of the sediment, an ultrasonic probe was used for approximately 2 min. on each sample. Suspended sample concentrations were of the order of 20 g/L. The prepared suspensions were stored in 150-cm 3 plastic bottles. The grain-size analyses were performed by laser diffraction using Malvern particle sizers, models 35OOD and 2600C. The principles of particle-size analysis by laser diffraction are described by The Malvern laser-sizers consist of a laser source, beam expander, sample chamber, focusing lens, ring detector, and a microcomputer. In this study each analysis used a 100-mm focal length focusing lens yielding data consisting of 15 size classes between 1.9 and 188 µm. A percentage of sample outside of this range above and below these limits is also given. The grain-size distribution was computed using the model-independent program option. The sample suspension is introduced into a small ultrasonic tank from which the suspension is continuously pumped through the sample chamber in the path of the laser. The main attraction of laser diffraction analysis for this study was the relatively small sample size required for analysis. Only 2-5 cm 3 of the prepared suspensions are required for each analysis. Several repeat analyses can therefore be performed even on very small original samples. An additional advantage is the speed with which analyses can be performed, generally about 10 min per sample. For many of the samples, duplicate or triplicate analyses were performed to test the reproducibility of the results. 1 Cochran, J. R., Stow, D.A.V., et al., 1990. Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 116: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program)

Drop Splashing on a Dry Smooth Surface

The corona splash due to the impact of a liquid drop on a smooth dry substrate is investigated with high speed photography. A striking phenomenon is observed: splashing can be completely suppressed by decreasing the pressure of the surrounding gas. The threshold pressure where a splash first occurs is measured as a function of the impact velocity and found to scale with the molecular weight of the gas and the viscosity of the liquid. Both experimental scaling relations support a model in which compressible effects in the gas are responsible for splashing in liquid solid impacts.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure