Sulphur stable isotope systematics in diagenetic pyrite from the North Sea hydrocarbon reservoirs revealed by laser combustion analysis

Our study focuses on pyrite nodules developed in the Brent Group sandstones, which host the Brent Oilfield, one of the North Sea's greatest oil and gas producers. Timing of nodule formation is equivocal, but due to the forceful, penetrative textures that abound, it is considered late. This pyrite offers a research opportunity because it records the development of the supply of H<sub>2</sub>S in a hydrocarbon reservoir and its sulphur isotopic composition. Laser-based analysis of δ<sup>34</sup>S reveals an extraordinary diversity in values and patterns. The values range from−27 to+72‰, covering half the terrestrial range, with large variations at the submillimetre scale. Isotopically heavy (δ<sup>34</sup>S +30‰ or higher) sulphide is endemic, but low δ<sup>34</sup>S pyrite is also present and appears to represent a temporally though not spatially (on the cm scale) distinct pyritisation event. The distribution of δ<sup>34</sup>S values within individual concretions can be normal (Gaussian), but in some cases may reflect progressive isotope fractionation process(es), conceivably of Rayleigh type. The source of the sulphur and the identity of the isotope fractionation process(es) remai