Some Structural and Chemical Changes in Endocardial Endothelium of Rats in Emotional and Pain Stress Complicated by Hypercholesterolemia

The objective of the research was to study the content of some neutral lipids of endocardial endothelium in rats in relation to structural changes occurring in it, in the co-existence of emotional and pain stress, as well as alimentary hypercholesterolemia. Materials and methods. The electric-impulse model was used for stress modeling. Alimentary hypercholesterolemia was modeled feeding animals an atherogenic diet. The concentration of triacylglycerols, free and esterified cholesterol were examined using the method of thin-layer chromatography performed on silica gel. The concentration of free fatty acids was determined using the radiochemical method. The state of endocardial endothelium was studied with the help of light microscopy; the impression smears obtained from macro preparations of ventricle were analyzed.Results. In co-existence of stress and hypercholesterolemia, significant increase in free cholesterol as well as free fatty acid concentration was noticed. This essentially exceeded the analogical indices under the action of stress only. Structural changes in the endocardium followed by desquamation of separate endotheliocytes were the result of stress reaction. In the action of both pathogenic factors, this process was intensified; layer-by-layer exfoliation of endotheliocytes was observed. Conclusions. In acute emotional and pain stress, changes in lipid spectrum of membrane structures of endocardial endotheliocytes the main manifestation of which is the accumulation of free cholesterol in cells and increase in the levels of free fatty acids take place. The increase in the number of desquamated endothelial cells is the result of stress action as well. Alimentary hypercholesterolemia significantly increases such pathological changes. 

ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНИХ ЗАХОДІВ УЧАСНИКАМ АНТИТЕРОРИСТИЧНОЇ ОПЕРАЦІЇ, ЯКІ ОТРИМАЛИ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗКОВУ ТРАВМУ

The article is devoted to the study of the status of patients with the effects of craniocerebral traumas obtained in the ATO zone, at the stages of medical and social rehabilitation.Purpose: determination of the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures taken by ATO participants who have received a craniocerebral trauma, depending on the class of functional disorders.Materials and Methods. We examined 62 patients who were in the clinic of the Research Institute of the Disabled Rehabilitation and had the consequences of mine explosions, close craniocerebral concussion of the brain. Patients were provided with a comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological examination, magnetic resonance imaging or spiral computer tomography, transcranial dopplerography. The severity of neurological disorders was assessed on the NIHSS scale; limitations of life were estimated using the Bartel index.Results. According to the results of the integration assessment of the life limitation of patients we receivedConclusions. The results of the study showed that the factors of the effectiveness of medical and social rehabilitation of patients with a history of craniocerebral injury may be factors such as the dynamics of the reversal of clinical syndromes, the daily life and the ability to work.Стаття присвячена дослідженням визначення стану пацієнтів з наслідками черепно-мозкових травм, отриманих в зоні АТО, на етапах медико-соціальної реабілітації.Мета дослідження. Визначення ефективності реабілітаційних заходів, проведених учасникам АТО, які отримали черепно-мозкову травму, в залежності від класу функціональних розладів.Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 62 пацієнти, які знаходились в клініці Науково-дослідного інституту реабілітації інвалідів (НДІ РІ) і мали наслідки мінно-вибухових травм, ЗЧМТ, струсу головного мозку. Пацієнтам було проведено всебічне клінічне та нейропсихологічне обстеження, МРТ або СКТ, транскраніальну допплерографію. Вираженість неврологічних розладів оцінювали за шкалою NIHSS; обмеження життєдіяльності оцінювали за допомогою індексу Бартеля.Результати. За результатами інтеграційної оцінки обмеження життєдіяльності пацієнтів ми отримали 4 функціональні групи, які відрізнялись між собою за наявністю та ступенем важкості неврологічних ознак хвороби, психологічних розладів та супутніх захворювань, що ускладнюють проведення реабілітаційних заходів.Висновки. Результати дослідження показали, що критеріями ефективності медико-соціальної реабілітації пацієнтів, що мають в анамнезі ЧМТ, можуть бути такі чинники, як динаміка зворотного розвитку клінічних синдромів, повсякденна життєдіяльність та спроможність до трудової діяльності

Air Pollen Monitoring in a Specific Region as a Part of the Pollinosis Prevention

Background: The prevalence and severity of allergic diseases, including pollinosis, are increasing worldwide. Hay fever develops due to the complex interaction of genes and manifests itself due to exogenous factors. The main environmental etiology of allergy is plant pollen. Continuous study and analysis of the air pollen spectrum constitute the basis of air monitoring and are important in developing preventive measures for allergic diseases.   Objective: To perform an air pollen monitoring in Kr snodar and to assess the treatment of patients with pollinosis in various cities and districts of the Krasnodar Region according to the Krasnodar Regional Allergy Center data.   Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patients seeking medical care due to allergy in the Krasnodar Region using the statistical data obtained in 2022 from the Krasnodar Regional Allergy Center. We assessed the effects of air pollen pollution according to the data of air pollen monitoring in Krasnodar during the main activity of herbaceous plants’ taxa (from April 1, 2022 to October 31, 2022). We used AeRobiology and Microsoft Excel 2010 tools for data processing and development of the main parameters of the pollen season.   Results: According to the Krasnodar Regional Allergy Center data, there were 37,212 people diagnosed with J45.0, J46 and 20,012 people diagnosed with J30.1-30.4 in 2022. We identified 8 allergenic taxa of herbaceous plants in the Krasnodar air. We found that the total seasonal pollen concentration increased by an average of 1.8 in 2022 compared to previous monitoring periods in 2018-2021.   Conclusions: Comparative assessment of the prevalence of pollinosis and the air pollen monitoring are important for effective medical care

Biochemical aspects of magnesium-enhanced bone regeneration

Current research is focused on practical implications of magnesium-based implants largely due to their biodegradability and ability to promote bone healing and formation. However, the mechanism underlying the osteogenesis regulation by magnesium is still unclear.We describe cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of magnesium ions (Mg2+) on bone growth following the device implantation. The presented data demonstrate magnesium-induced activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human bone marrow stromal cells resulting in their differentiation into osteoblasts, osteogenic effect and recovery of bone defects. We describe the role of the molecular mechanisms responsible for osteopromotive properties of Mg2+ and associated with unique transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) cation channels mediating the Mg2+ influx. TRPM7-mediated Mg2+ influx is important for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation, adhesion, and migration of human osteoblasts, as well as for promotion of Mg2+-associated bone regeneration.We discuss the effect of Mg2+ on intracellular signaling processes, expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α. Mg2+ can promote bone regeneration by enhancing the production of type X collagen and VEGF by osteogenic cells in bone marrow

SYSTEMATIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CAUSES OF RESTENOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY

Treatment of patients with various manifestations of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has changed much during the last decade due to introduction of endovascular technologies. However, invasive therapy methods can be followed by some dangerous complications, restenosis/thrombosis in stent placement site being one of them. According to literature data, such type of complications is registered in 1-8% of patients within the first year of coronary angioplasty. In spite of low complication rate, they have adverse impact on the end points, as mortality rate can rise to 26% in that category of patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence and causes of late (after 6 months) restenosis/thrombosis development in patients with IHD and coronary angioplasty. 1350 case histories during the period of 28 months (between January, 2015 and April, 2017) were analyzed. They included coronary angiography findings and some common indices of clotting and fibrinolytic blood system (prothrombin time, blood plasma recalcification time, fibrinogen A, fibrinogen B, fibrinolytic activity). 32 patients (26 males and 6 females) were found to have the history of restenosis, comprising 2.4% of the whole study group. The average age of the patients was 59.91.6 years. Restenosis in the left coronary artery system was registered in14 patients (43.8%), that in the right one - in 11 patients (35.3%) and in circumflex artery - in 7 (21.9%). 12 patients had stent subocclusion followed by development of progressive angina pectoris. Urgent stent implantation was performed in 13 patients (39.4%). In general, 22 metal stents (66.7%) and 11 drug-eluting stents (33.3%) were inserted in the study group. It should be noted that restenosis of both drug-eluting stents occurred in one patient. There were 2/3 of patients with angiographic B type of coronary artery disease. Chronic heart failure CH I and CH IIA were diagnosed in 8 (25%) and 24 patients (75%), respectively; stage III of arterial hypertension - in 27 patients (84%). In addition, 27 patients had the history of myocardial infarction, and 11 patients (34.4%) - type II diabetes mellitus. All patients were observed to have rather low compliance to protocol treatment. Only 56.25% of patients (18 individuals), irrespective of the stent type implanted, followed complete double antiplatelet therapy with brand drugs not less than for a year. Assessment of hemostasis indices did not prove the coagulogram to be the marker of probable restenosis threat. Fibrinogen appeared to be the only parameter with the tendency to increase at that stage of study, its concentration averaged 4.160.22 mg/ml. This fact indicates that prediction of restenosis development can be improved by comprehensive study of fibrinolytic, pro- and anticoagulant links of hemostasis. Thus, characterization of restenosis causes in patients with coronary angioplasty demonstrated it to be multifactorial process (stent types, type of vascular lesions, compliance of patients to protocol treatment). At the same time, the factors which have led to that complication remain unknown in the majority of cases. Hence, introduction of more informative markers-indicators of hemostasis for diagnosis of probable thrombotic events is an urgent necessity today

COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH IHD AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY (PART I)

It is well known that restenosis/thrombosis in stent placement site is one of the commonest complications in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCA), and activation of intravascular thrombogenesis can be one of pathogenetic factors of this process. Hence, determination of early and reliable biochemical markers in diagnosis of that complication is aimed at timely correction of hemostasis disturbances. Blood plasma overall hemostatic potential (OHP) is considered to be one of the informative biochemical markers of hemostasis. It is helpful in determining the balance between links of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis and is based on the study of light absorption time curve, being an index of formation and destruction of blood clot in the presence of thromboplastin and plasminogen tissue activator (t-PA). The aim of research work was to study coagulation and fibrinolytic activity indices in patients with IHD and PCA, and to determine probable markers of intravascular thrombogenesis. 91 patients (77 males and 14 females) with IHD and PCA were studied, 32 had late restenosis/thrombosis development after 6 months of stenting. Among those with no history of stent occlusion (59 individuals), 20 patients had FC ²²-²²² angina pectoris. Blood plasma hemostatic potential was determined by spectrophotometry, registering light absorption at 405 nm by fibrin clot, using microreader Multiscan (Finland). Statistical analysis was performed using variation methods and correlation analysis. Quantitative analysis of the curves of OHP and fibrinolytic potential (FP) as well as their components, obtained during the study, demonstrated all the patients of general group to have significant (ð 0.1). Determination of correlation relationships between the main components of OHP and FP in patient groups showed their one-direction positive character from moderate to strong (r=0.56?0.83). The strongest correlations between the parameters were observed in patients with angina, while the weakest ones in those with history of restenosis. Significant increase in OHP and FP indices can be indicative of disturbed balance between the processes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in that category of patients. The data received indicate also that activity of hemostasis components is higher in females than in males, and coagulation system potential tends to increase in the group of patients with history of restenosis and in those with angina because of decreased FP value

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in transformed cells upon action on epidermal growth factor receptor

Researched gamma-glutamintranspeptydase activity (GGT activity) of HeLa cell line (human cervical cancer) and Hep G2 (human hepatocarcinoma) the influence on epidermal growth factor by mitogen and monoclonal antibodies to this receptor – herceptin. Background levels of GGT activity in Hep G2 cells lines prevailed almost 10 times (p <0,01) comparing with HeLa cells and was 1,95 ± 0,2 nkat/ml. Was discovered that influence of EGF and herceptinon HeLa cells doesn't cause significant differences, while EGF that effected hepatocarcinomas cells increase GGT activityon 20%. Herceptin, conversely inhibite twice (p<0,05) comparing with controls.The observed difference GGT activity in cell lines HeLa and Hep G2 shows the selective expression of this enzyme in Hep G2 cells and can be used as a marker of malignancy transformed cells of hepatocellular origin

Overall hemostasis potential of the blood plasma and its relation to some molecular markers of the hemostasis system in patients with chronic renal disease of stage VD

The values of the coagulation, overall and fibrinolysis potentials were estimated by the method of the global potential of Blomback M., as well as the values of concentrations of molecular markers of the hemostasis system: soluble fibrin (sf), D-dimer, fibrinogen (Fg) and protein C (88 patients, 52 of them men, 36 women). It was shown that hemostasis system activity in women plasma is higher than that in men plasma. The division of patients into 3 groups, depending on the concentration of sf: less than normal – sf ≤ 3, about norm – 3 4 μg/ml, allowed establishing the growth of the parameters of both the hemostatic potential and concentrations of molecular markers in accordance with concentration of sf in the groups of patients. Paerson’s correlation analysis of the relationship between the parameters of the hemostasis potential and concentrations of molecular markers revealed an increase in the correlation relationship to the strong and very strong between the parameters of coagulation, fibrinolysis and protein C systems with an increase in the concentration of soluble fibrin in plasma of patients

Effects of N-hydroxy-4-({[(E)-2-phenylethenyl] solfonyl}amino)butanamide on cell cycle and adhesive properties in tumor cells

Using the model system of tumor spheroidal growth, we explored the main changes of the cell cycle parameters, adhesion properties and morphological features caused by action of a new chemically synthesized derivative of hydroxamic acid N-hydroxy-4-({[(e)-2phenylethenyl] sulfonyl}amino)butanamide, a reversible inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. The results of our studies, indicates that it is a possible epithelialmesenchymal transition due to increased adhesive properties, inhibition of spheroid formation and changes in cells propotion in specific phases of the cell cycl

Peculiarities of the state of the hemostasis system in patients with XXII V D stage, treated by programmed hemodialysis, and infected with hepatitis B and C viruses

У хворих з ХХН V Д ст., які лікуються програмним гемодіалізом, спостерігаються значні порушення в системі гемостазу, які стосуються як морфологічних, так і функціональних компонентів. Одним із коморбідних станів у хворих з XXН, є хронічні вірусні гепатити. Ця супутня патологія ускладнює перебіг основного захворювання за рахунок додаткової ендотоксемії та посилення процесів хронічного запалення. Для вивчення особливостей стану системи гемостазу у хворих з XXН V Д стадії, які інфіковані гепатитом В та С і лікуються програмним гемодіалізом, проведено обстеження 88 хворих віком від 26 до 65 років. Результати обстеження свідчать про активацію факторів зсідання крові (підвищення розчинного фібриногену), пригнічення фібринолізу (незначний Д-димер) та пригнічення антикоагулянтних властивостей плазми (зниження концентрації протеїну-С). Інфікованість хворих на гепатити В та С призводить до ще більшого дисбалансу системи гемостазу, при цьому не спостерігається синдрому гіпокоагуляції; У больных с ХБП V Д ст., лечащихся программным гемодиализом, наблюдаются значительные нарушения в системе гемостаза, касающиеся как морфологических, так и функциональных компонентов. Одним из коморбидных состояний у больных с XБП являются хронические вирусные гепатиты. Эта сопутствующая патология осложняет течение основного заболевания за счет дополнительной эндотоксемии и усиления процессов хронического воспаления. Для изучения особенностей состояния системы гемостаза у больных с XБП V Д стадии, инфицированных гепатитом В и С и лечащихся программным гемодиализом, проведено обследование 88 больных в возрасте от 26 до 65 лет. Результаты обследования свидетельствуют об активации факторов свертывания крови (повышение растворимого фибриногена), угнетении фибринолиза (незначительный Д-димер) и угнетении антикоагулянтных свойств плазмы (снижение концентрации протеина-С). Инфицированность больных гепатитами В и С приводит к еще большему дисбалансу системы гемостаза, при этом не наблюдается синдрома гипокоагуляции; The most significant violations of the hemostasis system are observed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis treated with programmed hemodialysis, and relate both to morphological and functional components. The latter is associated with the regulatory function of the kidneys. It is also known that the kidneys are able to absorb and catalyze fibrinogen-X factor XII. One of the comorbid states in patients with XXII V D stage treated with program hemodialysis is chronic viral hepatitis. This concomitant pathology complicates the course of the underlying disease due to additional endotoxemia and an increase in the processes of chronic inflammation. To date, in clinical practice, there are no clear methodological guidelines for laboratory diagnosis of thrombophilia and the control of the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy in this category of patients. It is known that the most informative laboratory methods for diagnosing disorders in the system of hemocoagulation are the determination of specific activation markers for the coagulation cascade, the main of which are soluble fibrin and D-dimer. One of the key components in the anticoagulation mechanism is the protein-C-vitamin- K-dependent glycoprotein, which is activated to the thrombogenic stimulant and inactivates the factors of the combination of Va, Villa and Ha and thrombin. Another glycoprotein, and also a vitamin-K dependent, which stands in the way of joining the external and internal process of aggregation after its activation, is the factor X. The purpose of the work is to study the peculiarities of the state of the hemostasis system in patients with XXII V D stage, which are on program hemodialysis and infected with hepatitis B and C, in order to predict thrombotic complications and control the effectiveness of antithrombotic therapy. We examined 88 patients in the programmed hemodialysis on the CXN V D stage, against the background of chronic glomerulonephritis, aged 26 to 65 years. The average length of stay on the hemodialysis was 7.41 ± 1.01 years. Patients at the same time determined the plasma level of soluble fibrin, D-dimer, protein-C, and blood coagulation factor X in the blood. The activity of protein-C in the blood plasma was determined by activating its venom with a sphincter of the usual one. The amount of cleaved chromogenic substrate S2366 was evaluated spectrophotometrically at 405 and 492 nm wavelengths. The activity of the X-squat factor was determined by activating Russell’s viper (RVV) as its poison, and the amount of the split chromogenic substrate S2765 was evaluated spectrophotometrically at 405 nm and 492 nm. The total content of factor X in the plasma studied was determined by the method of immunoassay analysis using polyclonal antibodies to rabbits. It was found that among the examined patients undergoing hemodialysis (from 1 to 20 years), in 29,5%, hepatitis B or C antibodies were detected, and 4,5% had associated B + C hepatitis. Analysis of the indices of soluble fibrin in the blood plasma of patients showed an increase in its concentration in the general group to 3.68 +/- 0.15 μg / ml, with 65.9% of patients had a content higher than the norm, indicating the activation of the blood clotting system. Estimation of the same level of soluble fibrin separately in the groups infected with hepatitis B or C and not infected revealed a significant difference in the concentration of this protein. Analysis of the content of D-dimer in the blood plasma of all patients showed that in 80.7% of patients, this figure corresponds to the norm, indicating a decrease in fibrinolytic activity and an imbalance between blood-coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with high levels of soluble fibrin. A separate assessment of the content of D-dimer in the groups of infected and non-infected hepatitis has shown some tendency to increase it in the presence of hepatitis. In the general group of patients, proteinuria-C levels in the blood plasma tended to decrease, while in the case of the distribution of infected and non-infected individuals, this tendency deepened and became reliable. The analysis of blood plasma concentration in the X-factor assay showed that its level in the general group of the examined patients was within the acceptable norm. In the group of infected patients, this figure was somewhat lower, but did not go beyond the norm. Thus, our analysis shows that in the general group of patients who are on program hemodialysis on the CXN V D stage, activation of blood clotting factors (increase of soluble fibrinogen), inhibition of fibrinolysis (insignificant Ddimer) and inhibition of anticoagulant properties of plasma are observed (decrease in the concentration of protein- C). Infection of patients with hepatitis B and C leads to an even greater imbalance of the hemostasis system, while hypocoagulation syndrome is not observed