33 research outputs found
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The Masticatory Handicap of Wearing Removable Dentures in Elderly Men
Objective: This study aimed at describing the masticatory handicap of wearing removable dentures measured by some masticatory tests and the intake of hard and soft foods. Materials and methods: The subjects were participants in a comprehensive health examination of 67- 68-year-old men living in MalmÃķ, Sweden. Four hundred eighty-three men took part in a clinical oral examination which recorded the number of teeth and removable dentures. One hundred and one had complete dentures in both jaws and 131 had removable partial dentures in different combinations. Masticatory tests used almonds to record the number of strokes to the first swallow, and two-coloured chewing gums for recording bolus kneading and shaping. A nutritionist paid a home visit to assess dietary habits including the consumption of hard and soft foods. The data could be split into groups of different tooth and denture situations which were large enough to enable statistical analysis to be carried out. The results of a regression analysis of the group with different numbers of natural teeth (NT) and no removable dentures could be used as a reference for correlation with the masticatory capacity of removable denture wearers. Results: Number of strokes to the first swallow revealed no masticatory limitations of wearing removable dentures, while chewing gum colour-mixing and shaping revealed more differentiated impairments equivalent to the function of five to 16 teeth in a remaining natural dentition. Hard food intake for the removable denture groups was comparable to 17-19 NT. Soft food intake was not influenced by denture wearing. In a ranking of oral conditions, those with more than 24 NT had the highest test values for all tests, and those with complete sets of dentures the lowest except for the number of strokes to the first swallow of an almond. Conclusion: Removable denture wearing can be regarded as a handicap when measured with objective masticatory tests using chewing gum and the intake of hard foods. The number of chewing strokes to the first swallow of an almond and the intake of soft foods is not affected by the wearing of removable dentures
Susceptibility of biofilms of Streptococccus sanguis and Actinomyces naeslundii to chlorhexidine
Single species and two species biofilms comprising Streptococcus sanquis and Actinomyces naeslundii were established in order to determine the susceptibility to chlorhexidine of the bacteria growing in biofilms compared to planktonic growth, and when growing in single species biofilms compared to mixed biofilms. The MIC of the bacteria to chlorhexidine was determined by a broth dilution method. Single and two species biofilms were established in a flow model in a modified Robbins device and subsequently exposed to chlorhexidine for 48 h at concentrations from 10 to 2000 mg/ml. Further, two species biofilms were exposed to 1000 mg/ml of chlorhexidine in 10 min pulses two or six times a day. The biofilm cell number was determined by viable counting at different time intervals. Two species biofilms were established faster than single species biofilms, but after establishment A. naeslundii was suppressed by S. sanguis. When lower concentrations of chlorhexidine were added, however, A. naeslundii also remained in the biofilm. Resistance of S. sanguis and A. naeslundii to chlorhexidine increased considerably when growing in biofilms and >100 mg/ml was needed to eliminate growth of the bacteria. Somewhat different patterns of susceptibility were observed in single species compared to two species biofilms. Thus, the results of this study indicate that the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents is influenced by biofilm growth as well as by bacterial interactions in mixed bacterial communities