32 research outputs found

    Koncept nauka i druŔtvo u sistemu javnog angažovanja nauke

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    Nauka se ne deÅ”ava na marginama druÅ”tva već zauzima bitno mesto u njenom razvoju, svakodnevnim aktivnostima i potrebama savremenog čoveka. Važnu ulogu u uspostavljanju viÅ”eg nivoa javnog razumevanja nauke, posebno kada je reč o razvoju naučne kulture i ekonomije znanja, čine koncepti i prilagođeni sistemi predstavljanja naučnih dostignuća u okviru svih obrazovnih nivoa i praksi. Jedan od koncepata koji objedinjava napore usaglaÅ”avanja naučnog razvoja i druÅ”tvene inkluzije programa baziranih na podizanju nivoa javne percepcije, prihvatanja i participacije nauke, predstavlja sistem ā€žNauka i druÅ”tvoā€œ. Koncept ā€žnauke i druÅ”tvaā€œ u najÅ”irem smislu obuhvata sistematizovani angažman stručnih kadrova u pružanju i razmeni informacija o razvoju i implenmentaciji nauke i tehnologije i procesima druÅ”tvenog i privrednog razvoja. U tom smislu među osnovnim ciljevima koncepta je da nauka postane organizovano angažovana u procesima kreiranja druÅ”tvnih koncepcija, a javnost informisana i uključena u procese naučnog razvoja. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da ukaže na potrebe za prevazilaženjem druÅ”tveno izolovane nauke, koja rezultira zatvorenim (institucionalnim) procesima bavljenja naučnim radom i pretežno disciplinarnom cirkulacijom naučnih rezultata. DruÅ”tva sa takvom vrstom ā€žsekularizacije znanjaā€œ i uspostavljenih sistema sa ograničenim javnim pristupom naučnom fundusu onemogućavaju opÅ”ti razvoj javne svesti i osposobljenosti (intelektualne, privredne, komunikacione, itd.) građana u ostvarivanju viÅ”eg nivoa kvaliteta života i upravljanja privrednim resursima. Stoga, cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na značaj uspostavljanja sistema otvorenog javnog pristupa naučnom fundusu, sa kojim bi bio omogućen viÅ”i stepen umrežavanja stručnih kadrova, kao i podizanja građanske svesti u svrhu podizanja nivoa konkurentnosti i građanskog angažovanja u procesima reÅ”avanja druÅ”tvenih problema. Svakodnevne potrebe savremenog druÅ”tva, bazirane na uspostavljanju sistema regionalno i globalno umreženih komunikacija ukazale su da napredak u nauci i tehnologiji nije i ne može da bude cilj sami po sebi, već da je potrebno da sa njim bude obuhvaćen razvoj sveukupne populacije, čime bi se podstakla uloga aktivnog i druÅ”tveno odgovorog pojedinca

    ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DISTAL LOWER LEG AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PROCESS OF OSTEOGENESIS

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    Osteogenesis is the process of bone tissue forming, i.e. bone or callus regeneration. This process is influenced by many factors, and the degree of bone fragmentsā€™ stability and vascularization in the fracture area are the basic local factors which determine the nature of reparative process. Regenerative process of all bone structures increases with increasing of blood supply.The distal lower leg has its specific biomechanical features, and plays an important role in the transfer of body weight to foot. The distal part of tibia has a small diameter, which as a consequence has reduced diameter in medullar cave. Through this anatomic feature, the medullar network in the lower tibia part is also reduced.As for anatomic aspect, vascularization in the lower end of tibia is poor. It primarily depends on periosteal vascularization, because medullar vascularization is reduced. Fasciae, tendons and skin cover the lower part of the leg, and there is no muscle mass. These tissues have poor vascular network and that is why the extraosseous blood circulation in tibia is poor, and does not participate in the osteogenesis process. For these reasons, distal lower leg represents a predelection site for delayed osteogenesis and pseudoarthrosys development.Osteosynthesis causes secondary damage to bone and soft tissue circulation. The screw plate damages the periosteal circulation ā€“ in the lower part of tibia it is the main source of vascularization, and for this reason, this method of osteosynthesis should not be applied. The external fixator has a sparing role regarding vascularization, and that is the reason why this method is recommended for fracture stabilization at the level of distal lower leg

    Green living roof implementation and influences of the soil layer on its properties

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    Affected by undeniable climatic change, the temperature of the urban areas rises continually, increasing rapidly the energy problem of cities and amplifying the pollution problems. The thermal stress is increased, thus both the indoor and the outdoor thermal comfort levels are decreased, enhancing the health problems. Green roof implementation in the building envelope is strategy that provides heat island amelioration, thermal comfort for occupants and reduces energy consumption of buildings. Green living roofs are a passive cooling technique, which can stop the incoming solar radiation from reaching the building structure below. In this paper, we assessed the importance of the green roofs in providing environmental and building energy benefits, and brief investigation on the different configuration of the soil layer in the green roof assembly influences to the temperature of the roof surface was presented. Investigation was conducted for first phase of the living roof growth. Four cells were designed in Solid Works software where the transient thermal study was performed in order to determine differences between the behavior of the conventional roof and three green roof types

    Green living roof implementation and influences of the soil layer on its properties

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    Affected by undeniable climatic change, the temperature of the urban areas rises continually, increasing rapidly the energy problem of cities and amplifying the pollution problems. The thermal stress is increased, thus both the indoor and the outdoor thermal comfort levels are decreased, enhancing the health problems. Green roof implementation in the building envelope is strategy that provides heat island amelioration, thermal comfort for occupants and reduces energy consumption of buildings. Green living roofs are a passive cooling technique, which can stop the incoming solar radiation from reaching the building structure below. In this paper, we assessed the importance of the green roofs in providing environmental and building energy benefits, and brief investigation on the different configuration of the soil layer in the green roof assembly influences to the temperature of the roof surface was presented. Investigation was conducted for first phase of the living roof growth. Four cells were designed in Solid Works software where the transient thermal study was performed in order to determine differences between the behavior of the conventional roof and three green roof types

    The effects of gasotransmitters inhibition on homocysteine acutely induced changes in oxidative stress markers in rat plasma

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    Background: The importance of homocysteine (Hcy) is increasingly recognized in last few decades as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and thrombosis, but there is lack of data referring to influence of Hcy on plasma oxidative stress parameters as well as the role of gasotransmitters in these effects. Therefore, this study aim was to assess the role of gasotransmitter inhibitors in Hcy-induced effects on plasma oxidative stress in rats. Material and Methods: Study involved 96 male Wistar albino rats divided into 8 groups: 1) Control group - saline (1ml 0.9 % NaCl i.p.); 2) DL-Hcy (8 mmol/kg i.p. DL homocysteine (DL-Hcy); 3) L-NAME (10 mg/kg i.p. NĻ‰-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), inhibitor of NO production); 4) ZnPPR IX (30 mol/kg i.p. protoporphyrin IX zinc (ZnPPR IX), inhibitor of CO production); 5) DL-PAG (50 mg//kg i.p. DL-propargylglycine (DL-PAG), inhibitor of H2S production); 6) DL-Hcy+L-NAME (8 mmol/kg i.p. DL-Hcy + 10 mg/kg i.p. L-NAME); 7) DL-Hcy+ZnPPR IX (8 mmol/kg i.p. DL-Hcy + 30 mol/kg i.p. Zn PPR IX), and 8) DL-Hcy+DL-PAG (8 mmol/kg i.p. DL-Hcy + 50 mg//kg i.p. DL-PAG). In all experimental groups, tested substances were administered in a single dose, intraperitoneally, 60 minutes before animals' euthanasia. In the collected blood samples malondialdehyde concentration, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity were measured. Results: Applied substances induced rapid and strong increase of plasma antioxidant enzymatic activity probably as a compensatory response to its pro-oxidant influence. Conclusion: The effects of Hcy on the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes are in part mediated via interaction with gasotransmitters

    Pljevlja lignite carbon emission charateristics

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    The anthropogenic emission of GHG especially CO has to be limited and reduced due to their impact on global warming and climate change. Combustion of fossil fuels in the energy sector has a dominant share in total GHG emissions. In order to reduce GHG emission, European Union established a scheme for GHG allowance trading within the community, and the implementation of the European Union emission trading scheme, which is a key to GHG reduction in a cost-effective way. An important part of emission trading scheme is prescribed methodology for monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emission of GHG including characterization of the local fuels combusted by the energy sector. This paper presents lignite characteristics from open-pit mine Borovica-Pljevlja, which has highest coal production in Montenegro (>1.2 Mt per year), including evaluation of its carbon emission factor based on the laboratory analysis of 72 coal samples. Testing of the samples included proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as, net calorific value determination. In accordance with the obtained results, linear correlations between net calorific value and combustible matter content, carbon content and combustible matter content, hydrogen content and combustible matter content, carbon content and net calorific value, were established. Finally, the non-linear analytical correlation between carbon emission factor and net calorific value for Pljevlja lignite was proposed, as a base for the precise calculation of CO emission evaluation

    The effect of age on eemen quality of Holsteinfriesian bulls

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    The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the bull age on production and some semen quality traits. The semen was collected during 2014. The LSD test (Least Significant Difference) was used to compare the bulls of different age groups and the results of this test showed in some cases significant differences. This test showed that there was no significant difference in ejaculate volume between six-year-old and four-year-old bulls, but in two-year-old bulls a significant difference to older bull groups was determined. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the bull age (p<0.001) on the ejaculate volume and the number of doses per ejaculate

    Antioxidant defense system in the prefrontal cortex of chronically stressed rats treated with lithium

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    Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of lithium treatment on gene expression and activity of the prefrontal antioxidant enzymes: copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganes superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in animals exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Methods The investigated parameters were quantified using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot analyses, and assays of enzyme activities. Results We found that lithium treatment decreased gene expression of SOD2, as well as the activities of SOD1 and SOD2 in chronically stressed rats to the levels found in unstressed animals. However, lithium treatment in animals exposed to CRS increased prefrontal GPx activity to the levels found in unstressed animals. Conclusions These findings confirm that treatment with lithium induced the modulation of prefrontal antioxidant status in chronically stressed rats. Our results may be very important in biomedical research for understanding the role of lithium in maintaining the stability of prefrontal antioxidant defense system in neuropsychiatric disorders caused by chronic stress

    Pljevlja lignite carbon emission characteristics

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    The anthropogenic emission of GHG especially CO has to be limited and reduced due to 2 their impact on global warming and climate change. Combustion of fossil fuels in the energy sector has a dominant share in total GHG emissions. In order to reduce GHG emission, European Union established a scheme for GHG allowance trading within the community, and the implementation of the European Union emission trading scheme, which is a key to GHG reduction in a cost-effective way. An important part of emission trading scheme is prescribed methodology for monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emission of GHG including characterization of the local fuels combusted by the energy sector. This paper presents lignite characteristics from open-pit mine Borovica- Pljevlja, which has highest coal production in Montenegro (>1.2 Mt per year), including evaluation of its carbon emission factor based on the laboratory analysis of 72 coal samples. Testing of the samples included proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as, net calorific value determination. In accordance with the obtained results, linear correlations between net calorific value and combustible matter content, carbon content and combustible matter content, hydrogen content and combustible matter content, carbon content and net calorific value, were established. Finally, the non-linear analytical correlation between carbon emission factor and net calorific value for Pljevlja lignite was proposed, as a base for the precise calculation of CO emission evaluation

    RAZLIKE U MOTORIČKIM SPOSOBNOSTIMA IZMEĐU DEVOJČICA ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA KOJE SE BAVE JAHANJEM I DEVOJČICA KOJE SE NE BAVE SPORTOM

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    The study aimed to determine whether there are differences in motor skills between school-aged girls who ride and who do not ride, aged 12 to 14. The following motor skills were examined: balance, flexibility, limb speed, leg and body coordination, explosive and repetitive strength.Forty-nine respondents were divided into two subsamples, namely riders n = 26 and non-riders n = 23. To assess motor skills, the following tests were used: the Single and double leg stance test on a balance beam, Overhead stick rotation, the Forward bend twist and touch, Plate tapping and Foot tapping, the Japan test 5 x 4,5 m, 20 lunges with a pass under, the Standing broad jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw from a seated position, Sit-ups, Push-ups, and Squats.The distribution of the results was examined with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the difference in motor abilities was tested with the Mann-Whitney U test and the independent-samples T-test. The association between horseback riding and motor skills was examined using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analyses. A significance level of p < 0.05 was accepted. The ā€œZā€ value was used to calculate the ā€œrā€ value, and by calculating Eta squared and applying Cohen's d, the impact of horseback riding on the development of motor skills was analyzed.The results showed that there is a significant difference in motor skills between riders and non-riders. A moderate to strong correlation was found between riding and the examined motor skills. The impact of riding on the development of motor skills was detected ranging from moderate to large.Studija je imala za cilj da utvrdi da li postoje razlike u motoričkim sposobnostima između devojčica Å”kolskog uzrasta koje jaÅ”u i koje ne jaÅ”u, uzrasta od 12 do 14 godina. Ispitivane su sledeće motoričke sposobnosti: ravnoteža, fleksibilnost, brzina udova, koordinacija nogu i koordinaciju tela, eksplozivna i repetitivna snaga. Četrdeset devet ispitanica su podeljene u dva poduzorka, i to jahači n = 26 i nejahači n = 23. Za procenu motoričkih sposobnosti koriÅ”cĢeni su sledecĢi testovi: Stajanje na jednoj i sa dve noge na uzdužno postavljenoj klupici, Iskret sa palicom, Pretklon zasuk dodir, Taping rukom i nogom, Japan test 5 x 4,5 m, 20 iskoraka sa provlačenjem palice, Skok udalj iz mesta, Bacanje medicinke od 2 kg iz sedećeg položaja, Dizanje trupa, Sklekovi i Čučnjevi. Distribucije rezultata ispitana je Kolmogorov-Smirnov testom, a razlika u motoričkim sposobnostima Mann-Whitney U testom i T-testom za nezavisne uzorke. Povezanost između jahanja i motoričkih sposobnosti ispitana je pomoću Pirsonove i Spirmanove korelacione analize. Prihvaćen je nivo značajnosti p < 0,05. Pomoću vrednosti ā€ž Zā€œ, izračunata je vrednosti ā€žrā€œ i izračunom vrednosti Eta kvadrata i uz primenu Cohenovih smernica ispitivan je uticaj jahanja na motoričke sposonosti. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji značajna razlika u motoričkim sposobnostima između jahača i nejahača. Utvrđena je umerena do jaka korelacija između jahanja i ispitivanih motoričkih sposobnosti. Uticaj jahanja na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti detektovan je u rasponu od umerenog do velikog
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