The potential application of fungus Trichoderma harzianum rifai in biodegradation of detergent and industry

© 2015, CI and CEQ. All Rights Reserved. The potential application of fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai in biodegradation of commercial detergent (Merix, Henkel, Serbia) was the focus of this study. The fungus was isolated from wastewater samples of the Rasina River, downstream from where the industrial wastewaters of the plant Henkel (Kruševac, Serbia) discharge into the river. The fungus was cultivated in liquid growth medium by Czapek with addition of detergent at a concentration of 0.3% during 16 days. Analysis of fermentation broth evaluated the chemical and biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, activity of alkaline and acid invertase as well as activity of alkaline protease. In addition, the influence of detergent on fungal growth and total dry weight biomass was determined. At the same time, detergent disappearance in terms of methylene blue active substances in the medium was measured. The detergent at a concentration of 0.3% influenced significant decrease of pH value and increase of redox potential. The detergent showed inhibitory effect on acid invertase activity and stimulatory effect on alkaline invertase and protease activity. The fungus decomposed about 74.24% of tested detergent during 16 days, but total dry weight biomass reduced about 20% in relation to control

The ability of fungus mucor racemosus fresenius to degrade high concentration of detergent

©2014 CI and CEQ. All rights reserved. The ability of fungus Mucor racemosus Fresenius to decompose high concentration of commercial detergent (Merix, Henkel, Serbia) was investigated in this study. Fungus was cultivated in liquid growth medium by Czapek with addition of detergent at concentration 0.5% during 16 days. The biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, amount of free and total organic acids, and activity of alkaline phosphatase were evaluated by analysis of fermentation broth. Simultaneously, biodegradation percentage of anionic surfactant of tested detergent was confirmed by MBAS assay. At the same time, the influence of detergent on fungal growth and total dry weight biomass was determined. Detergent addition at concentration 0.5% resulted in a decrease in pH value and increase in redox potential as well as increase of free and total organic acids. Enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was reduced by detergent at concentration 0.5%. The fungus was decomposed about 62% of anionic surfactant during 16 day. Due to the fungus, higher dry weight biomass (53%) was produced compared to the control

The effects of detergent, sodium tripoly-phosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol on metabolic parameters of the fungus trichothecium roseum link

The degradation of detergents that are dispersed in water and soil partially depends on the metabolic activities of fungi. Among the fungi that have this ability, Deuteromycetes are particularly noted for their biochemical characteristics. Taking this into account, it was of interest to analyze the influence of detergent and its main compounds, ethoxyled oleylcetyl alcohol (AOC) and sodium tripoly-phosphate (TTP), on the metabolism of the fungus Trichothecium roseum. Our results revealed that both detergent and AOC had an inhibitory effect on the bioproduction of free organic acids, while TTP stimulated their production. Also, detergent inhibited the bioproduction of basic amino acids, with the exception of alanine. In addition, detergent applied at 1% concentration inhibited the bioproduction of proteins and the total biomass of the fungus, while AOC and TTP inhibited the production of proteins, but stimulatedl the production of Trichothecium

Multiple myeloma invasion of the central nervous system

Introduction. Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the presence of neoplastic proliferating plasma cells. The tumor is generally restricted to the bone marrow. The most common complications include renal insufficiency, hypercalcemia, anemia and reccurent infections. The spectrum of MM neurological complications is diverse, however, involvement of MM in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and leptomeningeal infiltration are rare considered. In about 1% of the cases, the disease affects the central nervous system (CNS) and presents itself in the form of localized intraparenchymal lesions, solitary cerebral plasmocytoma or CNS myelomatosis (LMM). Case report. We presented the clinical course of a 55-year-old man with MM and LMM proven by malignant plasma cells in the CSF, hospitalized with the pain in the thoracic spine. His medical history was uneventful. There had been no evidence of mental or neurological impairment prior to the seizures. Physical examination showed no abnormalities. After a complete staging, the diagnosis of MM type biclonal gammopathia IgG lambda and free lambda light chains in the stage III was confirmed. The treatment started with systemic chemotherapy (with vincristine, doxorubicin plus high-dose dexamethasone - VAD protocol), radiotherapy and bisphosphonate. The patient developed weakness, nausea, febrility, dispnea, bilateral bronchopneumonia, acute renal insufficiency, confusions, headaches and soon thereafter sensomotor aphasias and right hemiparesis. The patient was treated with the adequate therapy including one hemodyalisis. His neurological status was deteriorated, so Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) of the head was performed and the findings were normal. Analysis of CSF showed pleocytosis, 26 elements/ mL and increased concentrations of proteins. Cytological analysis revealed an increased number of plasma cells (29%). Electrophoretic analysis of proteins disclosed the existance of monoclonal components in the serum, urine and CSF. Immunofixation electrophoretic and quantitative nephelometric tests confirmed Biclonal multiple myeloma of IgG lambda and light chain lambda isotypes. Analysis of neurothropic viruses with ELISA methods was negative. Once the presence of LMM was confirmed, the patient received intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, dexamethasone three times a week, and systemic high doses of dexamethasone iv like a single agent without craniospinale irradiations. Despite the treatment, the patient died one month after the diagnosis. Autopsy was not performed. Conclusion. Presented patient, as well as most other patients with MM progressing to CNS infiltration was in the stage III. In addition to the detailed clinical examination, and all investigations required for MM diagnosis and staging of the disease, we introduced the additional CSF examination and calculation of kappa lambda ratio, that helped us make an early diagnosis and prognosis of MM with LMM. Although LMM had a low prevalence, it could be more frequent than expected especially in patients with high risk. CSF examination with positive plasma cells and abnormal morphology remains the hallmark for diagnosing CNS infiltration

Značaj sorte u organskoj proizvodnji povrća

The organic farming system differs fundamentally in soil fertility management, weed, disease and pest management, and has higher demands on product quality and yield stability compared to conventional farming. By stimulating internal self-regulation through functional agrobiodiversity in and above the soil, organic farming system aim at resilience and buffering capacity in the farm-ecosystem. For futher optimisation of organic product quality and yield stability new varieties are required that are adapted to organic farming systems.Organski sistemi uzgoja povrća su u pogledu upravljanja plodnošću zemljišta, korova, bolesti i štetočina i zahtevom za povišenim kvalitetom i stabilnošću prinosa različiti konvencionalnim. Stimulišući unutrašnju samoregulaciju putem funkcionalnog agrobiodiverziteta u i iznad zemljišta, umesto spoljne regulacije sredstvima zaštite, cilj organskih sistema je povećanje otpornosti proizvodnog ekosistema. Izbor visokokvalitetnog organskog semena i sadnog materijala pogodnih sorti je ključ uspešne organske proizvodnje. Dalja optimizacija kvaliteta organskih proizvoda i stabilnosti prinosa zahteva uvođenje novih sorata adaptiranih na specifične uslove organske proizvodnje

Detergent-like stressor and nutrient in metabolism of Penicillium chrysogenum

The influence of detergents on the metabolism of Penicillium chrysogenum from two aspects, as a stress factor and potential nutrient, was studied. The fungus was isolated from the river bed Lepenica, Kragujevac, at a place where sewage domestic wastewater discharged into the river. The fungus was grown in a liquid nutrient medium according to Czapek with and without addition of commercial detergent (MERIX, Henkel, Serbia) at a concentration of 0.3% and 0.5%. The biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, free and total organic acids, total dry weight biomass, activity of alkaline and acid invertase and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated from day 3 to day 16 of the fungus growth. At the same time, detergent disappearance in terms of methylene blue active substances in the medium was measured. The detergent at a concentration of 0.5% showed a fungicide effect. In the medium with 0.3% of detergent, there was increased pH and concentration of organic acids, but decreased redox potential and total dry weight biomass. The detergent also showed an inhibitory effect on invertase and phosphatase activity. P. chrysogenum decomposed 50.2% of the total detergent concentration for an experimental period of 16 days. © 2014 The Author(s)

The potential application of fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai in biodegradation of detergent and industry

© 2015, CI and CEQ. All Rights Reserved. The potential application of fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai in biodegradation of commercial detergent (Merix, Henkel, Serbia) was the focus of this study. The fungus was isolated from wastewater samples of the Rasina River, downstream from where the industrial wastewaters of the plant Henkel (Kruševac, Serbia) discharge into the river. The fungus was cultivated in liquid growth medium by Czapek with addition of detergent at a concentration of 0.3% during 16 days. Analysis of fermentation broth evaluated the chemical and biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, activity of alkaline and acid invertase as well as activity of alkaline protease. In addition, the influence of detergent on fungal growth and total dry weight biomass was determined. At the same time, detergent disappearance in terms of methylene blue active substances in the medium was measured. The detergent at a concentration of 0.3% influenced significant decrease of pH value and increase of redox potential. The detergent showed inhibitory effect on acid invertase activity and stimulatory effect on alkaline invertase and protease activity. The fungus decomposed about 74.24% of tested detergent during 16 days, but total dry weight biomass reduced about 20% in relation to control

The influence of detergent and its components on metabolism of Fusarium oxysporum in submerged fermentation

© 2014, Association of Chemists and Chemical Engineers of Serbia. All rights reserved. The influence of detergent and its components (sodium tripolyphosphate and ethoxylated cetyloleyl alcohol) at 0.1% concentration on the enzymatic and metabolic activity of Fusarium oxysporum during exponential growth was investigated in this paper. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from wastewater originating from households which contain detergent. The following biochemical parameters were analyzed: pH, redox potential, proteolytic activity, production of carbohydrates, free and total organic acids, proteins and total dry weight biomass. The detergent had influence on the significant decrease of redox potential, slight increase of pH and quantity of glucose and total organic acids, while the proteolytic activity was triple insensitive in relation to control. The sodium tripolyphosphate had influence on the slight decrease of pH, significant increase of redox potential and quantity of glucose and free and total organic acids, whereas the proteolytic activity was intensive only 5th and 6th day. The total dry weight biomass of the fungus F. oxysporum was slightly inhibited by ethoxylated alcohol, but significantly inhibited by detergent and sodium tripolyphosphate

Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium fumiculosum

The aim of this study was to investigate the biological and chemical activity of the two fungi species, genus Penicillium, isolated from wastewater. For the selected species of fungi, different antioxidant activity assays were used: DPPH free-radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, Fe2+-chelating ability and Fe3+-reducing power. Total phenolic content was also determined for ethanolic extract of mycelia. Penicillium chrysogenum ethanolic extract contained higher total phenolic content and better total antioxidant capacity as well as ferrous ion chelating ability. Penicillium fumiculosum ethanolic extract showed higher DPPH free-radical scavenging activity, as well as reducing power. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that two types of fungi are potential new sources of natural antioxidants

Analysis of the amino acids of some types of fungi cultivated in the presence of detergent

The paper presents the results of the influence of anionic-type detergent containing sodium tripolyphosphate and ethoxylated oleylcetyl alcohol on the type and quantity of present amino acids in the fermentation broths of the fungi Aspergillus niger, Alternaria tenuis and Fusarium oxysporum cultivated on a medium with the addition of 1% detergent as a function of their application in the process of detergent biodegradation. In the case of A.niger the stimulation of the biosynthesis of 15 various amino acids was determined. In the case of A.tenuis the production of 14 amino acids was inhibited as compared to the total number of 15 amino acids identified when the fungi were cultivated in the absence of detergent, whereby the explicit inhibition of the synthesis of methionine, isoleucine and leucine was registered. Detergent (1% concentration) exhibits a stimulating effect on the bioproduction of amino acids in the case of the fungus F.oxysporum when the presence of 14 amino acids was identified