Cerebral cryptococcosis in Malaysia.

Cryptococcal infection of the brain as encountered in a tropical country is reviewed. The meningitic form is not uncommon and there has been, in the last decade, an apparent, if not real, rise in incidence in Malaysia as in Singapore. Only exceptionally was there overt evidence of immunological deficiency. Hydrocephalus was present in about three-quarters of the patients with meningitis and shunts were employed readily. The presence of multiple small intracerebral cysts could be suspected clinically but treatment for this complication was ineffective. The antifungal agent used most frequently was 5-fluorocytosine. Resistance to this drug developed in about one patient in four. There is a need for further epidemiological studies and for a continuing search for new antifungal agents

Predicting police behavior: Ecology, class, and autonomy

Social ecological theories of crime have recently been extended to explain spatial variation in police behavior. Although these theories successfully identify community characteristics affecting local policing, they fail to acknowledge the class-based origins of formal social control and the relative autonomy of the police. This paper addresses the neglected class issue by integrating social ecological and critical theories in a model of police behavior. Cross-sectional data was obtained from twenty-five police agencies\u27 vice divisions and their corresponding jurisdictions to test the integrated hypothesis. Four social ecological variables and a fiscal measure of relative autonomy are examined as police behavior predictors. Findings reveal that both the autonomy measure and three of the social ecological variables explain significant variance in police behavior, thus supporting the inclusion of structural Marxism in a general theory of police behavior