COMPENSATION OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY BEARS THROUGH THE PRISM OF COURT PRACTICE

Compensation regulations generally apply to everyone, both persons causing damage and damaged persons. The attitude towards the legal subjectivity of animals in the last decade of the twentieth century and the first two decades of the twentieth and the first century has completely changed. Animals have so far been treated exclusively as objects. Some European countries have introduced in the constitutional norms the protection of animals as subjects in law, and not objects, so we can talk about a specific legal subjectivity of animals. This also calls into question the principle of general liability for damages, when the owner of the animal is liable for the damage he does to the property of other persons, treating it as dangerous object. This paper exposes the problem of proving the damage and the possibility of its recovery when it comes to damage caused by bears as species that are protected by the law. By analyzing the court judgments and comparing the court decisions for damages in case the damage was caused by the bear in the legislation and case law of Republic Srpska as well as the legal solutions in Romania, the author points out the need to change the court decisions in terms of proof and compensation. to the detriment of the bear on agricultural land, and vehicles and other goods

FROM OBSHCHINA TO PARTNERSHIP: Dormiunt aliquando leges, numquam moriuntur

A Partnership Agreement hasn't been regulated yet in the Code of Obligations of the Republic of Serbia, nor of the Republic of Srpska. The decisions of the judicial practice are based on the provisions of the Civil Code for the Kingdom of Serbia, and they use them as legal rules. In the Pre-Draft of the new Civil Code of the Republic of Serbia this Agreement is regulated by the provisions of Articles 835-869. In this document, through a historical overview of the Partnership Agreement, with particular reference to its regulation in the Zakonopravilo (Nomokanon) of St. Sava, the author points out to the need to restore the original title of this Agreement. In its Code of Obligations, truly in the brackets, Macedonia also put the original title for this Partnership Agreement, calling it a договор за заједница. Returning to the resources can lead to better and more applicable regulations in court practice. And the other two great writers, Mihailo Konstantinović in the Drawings for the Code of Obligations and Contracts and Valtazar Bogišić in the General Property Law for Principality Montenegro, gave up from the name of the Partnership (Ortakluk) as the primary one. In terms of the form of this Agreement, the ZOO of Macedonia prescribes a written form, and the author criticizes that, starting from the general principle of the obligation right tha

Croatia’s left faces a difficult future following the country’s European Parliament elections

The coalition of the ruling Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP) came a distant second place in the country’s European Parliament elections behind the centre-right coalition led by the Croatian Democratic Union. Dejan Stjepanovic writes on the difficulties faced by the parties on the left of the political spectrum in Croatia following the elections. He argues that the dominant stories to emerge during the election were infighting in the SDP involving the country’s Prime Minister, Zoran Milanović, and the party’s general inability to tackle Croatia’s economic problems

A ritual demystified:The work of anti-wonder among Sufi reformists and traditionalists in a Macedonian Roma neighborhood

This article describes how an iconic mystical Sufi ritual of body wounding, zarf, was stripped of its mystical credentials and conventional efficacy amid tensions between Rifai reformists and traditionalists in a small Roma neighborhood in Skopje, Macedonia. The death of a sorcerer and a funeral event-series set the scene for acts of ‘anti-wonder’ and demystification by the Rifai reformists. Despite the history of socialist secularism and inadvertently secularizing Islamic reforms in the region, demystification signaled not the loss of enchantment per se, but a competition for legitimate forms of wonder. In addition to accounting for socio-historical context and relational forms of Islam, the real challenge is how to see a demystified ritual for its explicit intellectual capacity to stimulate speculation about itself

Swimming three ice miles within fifteen hours

Ice Mile swimming (1608 m in water of below 5 °Celsius) is becoming increasingly popular. This case study aimed to identify body core temperature and selected haematological and biochemical parameters before and after repeated Ice Miles. An experienced ice swimmer completed three consecutive Ice Miles within 15 h. Swim times, body core temperatures, and selected urinary and haematological parameters were recorded. Body core temperature reached its maximum between 5, 8 and 15 min after immersion (37.7°C, 38.1°C, and 38.0°C, respectively). The swimmer suffered hypothermia during the first Ice Mile (35.4°C) and body core temperature dropped furthermore to 34.5°C during recovery after the first Ice Mile. He developed a metabolic acidosis in both the first and the last Ice Mile (pH 7.31 and pH 7.34, respectively). We observed hyperkalaemia ([K⁺] > 5.5 mM) after the second Ice Mile (6.9 mM). This was followed by a drop in [K⁺] to3.7 mM after the third Ice Mile. Anticipatory thermogenesis (i.e. an initial increase of body core temperature after immersion in ice cold water) seems to be a physiological response in a trained athlete. The results suggest that swimming in ice-cold water leads to a metabolic acidosis, which the swimmer compensates with hyperventilation (i.e. leading to respiratory alkalosis). The shift of serum [K⁺] could increase the risk of a cardiac arrhythmia. Further studies addressing the physiology and potential risks of Ice Mile swimming are required to substantiate this finding

Guide for smart practices to support innovation in smart textiles

Smart Textiles for STEM training (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math’s) is an Erasmus+ project aiming to bridge Textile Companies with the Education sector via Smart Textiles Innovation and Training. Industries have been surveyed to analyze the needs for new jobs and skills in Smart textiles, contributing to improve the links with VET Schools training and closing the gap between industry and education. During the project a number of smart textiles examples and prototypes are worked to be transferred to Schools and used by students and teachers, aiming to foster STEM training. This paper presents the results of the survey applied to selected textile companies on Technical and Smart Textiles, based on data collected from 63 textile enterprises in Romania, Belgium, Slovenia, Portugal and Czech Republic. The survey identifies existing opportunities for producing smart textiles in enterprises and forecasting expected occupations and work profiles for young trainees. The guide for smart practices presents the results of this survey and aims to transfer smart practices from enterprises to Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools and young students. Providing real life prototypes and multi-disciplinary working activities on smart textiles will make textile occupations more attractive to young students, and will improve knowledge, skills and employability of VET students in STEM related fields