‘The Vienna School in Hungary: Antal, Wilde and Fülep’

This article has two principal aims. The first is to outline the approach and development of a group of Hungarian-born art historians who trained in Vienna and who came together in Budapest during the First World War. The radical intellectual climate and the experience of war and revolution exposed these scholars to new concepts of art and culture, challenging many of their aesthetic principles. From this emerged one tradition in the social history of art. The second part of the article traces the dispersal of this group and their subsequent careers, contrasting their work with approaches to art historical scholarship that dominated in Hungarian institutions in the inter-war period. By implication, the article suggests that a distinctive type of art history could have developed in Hungary if the political situation had been more conducive

Notes on the genus Otholobium (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae). 5. Four new species from Namaqualand, South Africa

Four new species of Otholobium from Namaqualand in South Africa are described: O. arborescens C.H. Stirton, O. flexuosum C.H. Stirton, O. incanum C.H. Stirton, and O. pustulatum C.H. Stirton

A revision of Otholobium C.H. Stirton (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae)

Includes bibliography.This study arose from difficulties encountered in identifying Psoralea s.l. for the Flora of southern Africa. A worldwide assessment of the genus Psoralea resulted in the fragmentation of the genus into six genera: Bituminaria, Cullen, Hallia, Otholobium, Orbexilum, and Psoralea. In the course of this study a detailed comparison was made of the tribes Psoraleeae and Amorpheae. Considerable new data from phytochemistry, palynology, morphology and leaflet anatomy confirmed that they were distinct and not closely related as had been widely assumed: new characters included cotyledon type, arrangement of the embryo and radicle in the seed, seed shape, fruit morphology, chromosome numbers, petiolar anatomy, root architecture, nodule type, inflorescence architecture, 6AH-pterocarpan and 6a-hydroxy analogue chemistry, pollen anatomy and morphology. A cladistic analysis was made of the genera in the Psoraleeae

Provable and unprovable cases of transfinite induction in a theory obtained by adding to HAω so-called "term-forms" of the kind introduced by M. Yasugi

I begin by discussing several of the existing ways of proving the validity of transfinite induction up to ε₀ and argue that it is at least conceivable that there is room for a new proof that is more constructive than any of them. An attempt which I pay particular attention to is that made by Mariko Yasugi (1982). The centrepiece of her theory is the so-called "construction principle", a principle for defining computable functionals. I argue that, in principle, it ought to be possible to set up a theory whose terms denote or range over functionals of a sort constructed by a similar principle, in which the accessibility (a term to be defined below) of ε₀ is provable, yet which dispenses with quantifiers as well as with some strong axioms which she uses in order to achieve the same result. My theory, described in chapter 2, is called TF (for "term-forms"). In chapters 3, 4 and 5, a proof of the accessibility of ε₀ in TF is presented. This thesis ends (chapter 6) with a proof of the computability of the functionals that can be represented in TF

Leading Sheep Final Report 2011-2015

Leading Sheep has been successfully meeting the sheep industry’s need for timely information since 2005. The approach is tailored to both how and what information is delivered based on long-term and emergent industry priorities. The third phase of Leading Sheep 2011-2015 (LS3) has focused on predation, nutrition, health, business optimisation and marketing and selling wool and sheep meat as longer-term issues, and responded to immediate information needs for flood and drought assistance, fires and vegetation management. LS3 supports decision-making to increase the profitability and productivity of Queensland’s sheep and wool businesses through the adoption of technologies and practices. It is an important partnership between Australian Wool Innovation (AWI) and the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) and is supported by AgForce. LS3 supports a regionally specific model with a dedicated extension officer, regional coordinator and committee to identify and prioritise issues and conduct activities based on these

Spaced Repetition: towards more effective learning in STEM

The use of spaced repetition within a physics higher education thermodynamics module has been analysed for: its pattern of use by students; its effect on memory and performance in the end of module exam; and performance in a delayed test after the summer vacation. A custom-built web app with the facility to generate a personalised repetition timetable was used to deliver practice questions on the material throughout the module. Just over a quarter of students, spanning the whole ability range of the class, made use of the app in some way, about half using it in a spaced manner and half using it for massed practice just before the exam. Students who engaged in a spaced manner had an adjusted mean exam score of 70%, compared to 64% for massed usage and 61% for non-usage. The spaced usage represents a positive effect size of 0.47 over non-usage, which is statistically significant (p = 0.000056). For the delayed test the mean adjusted scores for spacers and non-users were 45% and 34% respectively. Whilst less material had been retained over the summer, this revealed a statistically significant (p = 0.021) positive effect size of 0.54. This work provides evidence and mechanisms to involve students in repetitive practice during the learning phase of a course to advantage their long term retention of material

Legal ideology, legal doctrine and the UK's top judges

Most work on the UK's judiciary reflects the assumption that the institutional issues raised by attitudinal studies of the US Supreme Court are irrelevant to the UK because the UK's judiciary is not political. This article challenges those assumptions. We present an empirical and theoretical analysis of the 'doctrinal model' of judicial decision-making in the upper judiciary of the UK, that is to say, of the position that judges decide cases on the basis of doctrinal positions rather than political views, and argue that it has far more in common with the attitudinal model than is conventionally assumed. We elaborate upon this through an empirical analysis of decisions of the Law Lords on challenges to state bodies over a twenty-five year period, which estimates judges' ideological positions on a scale derived from doctrine. We find that (a) there are meaningful and measurable differences in judicial positions in key doctrinal controversies (b) these differences have an impact on the outcome of a significant minority of cases. Our results support the view that doctrinal positions are more salient than party-political ideology in the UK context, but also demonstrate that even faithful adherence to a doctrinal model does not affect the validity of the insights of the attitudinal model in relation to the role and impact of judges' personal views. We show that on a proper understanding, doctrinal adjudication raises the same questions of institutional structure and design emphasised by the attitudinal model, and that these questions assume particular significance given changes to the British judiciary's institutional role

The curious origins of judicial review

This article tells the story of the birth of modern judicial review. In the conventional account, the judge-led development of judicial review is one of the great successes of the twentieth century common law: “the greatest achievement of my judicial lifetime”, as Lord Diplock famously put it. On this interpretation, from the mid-twentieth century onwards, the judiciary abandoned its earlier quiescence and, building on doctrines, approaches and remedies that had been used to control inferior tribunals since Victorian times, fashioned a new body of law capable of subordinating the administrative state to the rule of law. The modern law is thus seen as representing the same common law commitment to the rule of law seen in early cases such as Entick v Carrington and Cooper v Wandsworth. This article challenges this story of continuous unbroken development. On the face of it, the cases from Ridge to GCHQ did indeed draw on an older line of case law. Yet, as we demonstrate, the 1960s and 1970s were a transformative period in administrative law. Underlying the seeming doctrinal doctrinal continuity and consolidation, lay a deeper conceptual and theoretical discontinuity—a fundamental shift of approach from a ‘mediating’ conception of administrative law to a ‘public’ conception. While the motives underlying this shift were laudable, the resulting system of judicial review has nevertheless failed to achieve its objectives. We argue that the source of the problems lies in a system of judicial review designed to eschew questions of “merit”, and that truly addressing the problem will require us to revisit the issues which were at the forefront of debate in the first half of this century, but which have never received a satisfactory resolution

The public administration case against participation income

Anthony Atkinson’s proposal for a participation income (PI) has been acclaimed as a workable compromise between the aspirations of unconditional basic income proposals and the political acceptability of the workfare model. This article argues that PI functions poorly in terms of a number of essential administrative tasks that any welfare scheme must perform. This leads to a trilemma of participation income, which suggests that PI can only retain its apparent ability to satisfy the requirements of universalist and selectivist approaches to welfare at the cost of imposing a substantial burden on administrators and welfare clients alike. Consequently, the main apparent strength of PI, its capacity to garner support across different factions within welfare reform debates, is shown to be illusory. Many scholars of the modern welfare state agree with Robert Goodin (2000) that the crumbling of its traditional pillars limits the ability of welfare policies to achieve a range of often contradictory objectives. However, they disagree about which policies might be introduced as alternatives. In particular, a fault line separates those favoring increased emphasis on universal mechanisms such as unconditional basic incom