Improving the timeliness of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial decolonization therapy administration : a descriptive account

SummaryBackgroundIt is important to ensure that the timely administration of appropriate antimicrobial decolonization therapy occurs when patients are identified as meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-colonized. Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) with embedded Clinical Decision Support (CDS) may help to facilitate this.AimTo investigate changes in the average time from patient admission to administration of MRSA decolonization antimicrobial therapy in the context of various national and local infection control interventions, including the use of CPOE.MethodsData concerning the time of admission and of administration of patients' first MRSA decolonization antimicrobials were extracted from a locally developed CPOE system (Prescribing Investigation and Communications System: PICS) which was introduced at a large university teaching hospital in the UK in 1998. Data were extracted retrospectively from January 2006 to March 2012.FindingsA variety of relevant local and national interventions occurred from 2006 to 2012. Notably, the automatic charting of MRSA decolonization antimicrobial therapy was introduced in December 2007. There was a significant decline of 15.0% per year (95% confidence interval: 11.1–18.7%; P < 0.001) in the time taken from admission to administration of MRSA decolonization antimicrobial therapy during the study period.ConclusionsNumerous factors may have contributed to the observed reductions in the time from admission to administration of MRSA decolonization antimicrobials, including the implementation of specific features within a CPOE system. By rapidly attending to positive MRSA colonizations there is decreased potential for MRSA to spread, which may help to reduce the prevalence of MRSA colonizations within hospitals and improve patient outcomes

Influence of acetylcholine, serotonine and norepinephride on background and induced impulse activity of cat motor cortex neurons at conditioned reflex

The investigation is concerned with the cat's encephalon cortex motor region neurons. The object of investigation is revelation of the regularities of the role of acetylcholine, serotonine and porepinephrine in maintaining the background and induced activity of the cat's motor cortex neurons during the accomplishment of conditioned reflex activities. The obtained results substantially add to the modern notion of the role of nonspecific projections onto the neocortex in the functioning of the motor cortex neurons. The researchers have obtained new data on the effect produced by acetylcholine, serotonine and norepinephrine and blockers thereof on the background and induced impulce activity of the motor cortex cells. The obtained investigation results may be employed for studying the mechanisms of action of numerous neurotropic proeparations and understanding pathgenesis of a number of mental diseasesAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Quinapril Effect on Activity of Free Radical Lipid Peroxidation in Rats with Spontaneous Arterial Hypertension

There are presented the peculiarities of quinapril effect on the activity of free radical lipid peroxidation (FRLP). The activity of FRLP system was investigated in a mixed arterial-venous blood plasma and hepatic and myocardial tissue homogenates through registration of their spontaneous and Fe2+-induced weakest luminescence (chemiluminescence) using chemiluminometer. Disorder of the FRLP system activity in blood plasma, hepatic and myocardial tissues was established in rats with spontaneous arterial hypertension (SAH) compared to control normotensive WKY rats. Quinapril (10 mg/kg body weight, intragastrically, for 60 days) administered to rats with spontaneous arterial hypertension decreased arterial blood pressure in rats with SAH by 19%, normalized functional activity of FRLP system in blood plasma, hepatic and myocardial tissue homogenates

Obtaining New Biopolymer Materials by Electrospinning

The paper covers aspects of the technology of fibre electrospinning for the production of nonwoven fabrics for various application areas. The conditions of forming nano- and microfibres from solutions of collagen hydrolyzate and dibutyrylchitine were studied as well as polymer-polymer complexes based on polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide. A comparative analysis of different methods of electrospinning – electrocapillary, electric and NanospiderTM , was conducted. Promising application areas of non-woven fabrics in medicine sanitation as well as for clothing and footwear production are shown.W artykule przedstawiono aspekty technologii elektroprzędzenia włókien do produkcji włóknin różnego przeznaczenia. Zbadano warunki formowania nano- i mikrowłókien z roztworów hydrolizatu kolagenu, dibutyrylchitinu jak również kompleksów polimer-polimer na bazie kwasu poliakrylowego, alkoholu poliwinylowego i tlenku polietylenu. Przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą różnych metod elektroformowania – elektrokapilarnej, elektroodśrodkowej i Nanospider TM metody. Przedstawiono perspektywiczne obszary zastosowania włóknin w medycynie oraz produkcji obuwia i odzieży

Technologia elektroprzędzenia jako perspektywiczna metoda wytwarzania włóknin z biopolimerów

The paper covers aspects of the technology of fibre electrospinning for the production of nonwoven fabrics for various application areas. The conditions of forming nano- and microfibres from solutions of collagen hydrolyzate and dibutyrylchitine were studied as well as polymer-polymer complexes based on polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide. A comparative analysis of different methods of electrospinning – electrocapillary, electric and NanospiderTM , was conducted. Promising application areas of non-woven fabrics in medicine sanitation as well as for clothing and footwear production are shown.W artykule przedstawiono aspekty technologii elektroprzędzenia włókien do produkcji włóknin różnego przeznaczenia. Zbadano warunki formowania nano- i mikrowłókien z roztworów hydrolizatu kolagenu, dibutyrylchitinu jak również kompleksów polimer-polimer na bazie kwasu poliakrylowego, alkoholu poliwinylowego i tlenku polietylenu. Przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą różnych metod elektroformowania – elektrokapilarnej, elektroodśrodkowej i Nanospider TM metody. Przedstawiono perspektywiczne obszary zastosowania włóknin w medycynie oraz produkcji obuwia i odzieży

Elevated Minisatellite Mutation Rate in the Post-Chernobyl Families from Ukraine

Germline mutation at eight human minisatellite loci has been studied among families from rural areas of the Kiev and Zhitomir regions of Ukraine, which were heavily contaminated by radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident. The control and exposed groups were composed of families containing children conceived before and after the Chernobyl accident, respectively. The groups were matched by ethnicity, maternal age, parental occupation, and smoking habits, and they differed only slightly by paternal age. A statistically significant 1.6-fold increase in mutation rate was found in the germline of exposed fathers, whereas the maternal germline mutation rate in the exposed families was not elevated. These data, together with the results of our previous analysis of the exposed families from Belarus, suggest that the elevated minisatellite mutation rate can be attributed to post-Chernobyl radioactive exposure. The mechanisms of mutation induction at human minisatellite loci are discussed