7,240 research outputs found
Clinical Pathways to Disability
This paper examines the pathways by which individuals transition from healthy to disabled. Because of the high prevalence and costs associated with disability, understanding these pathways is critical to developing interventions to prevent or minimize disability. We compare two estimates of disabling conditions: those observed in medical claims and conditions indicated by the disabled individual. A small number of conditions explain about half of incident disability: arthritis, infectious disease, dementia, heart failure, diabetes, and stroke. These conditions show up in medical claims and self reports. A large number of elderly also attribute disability to old age and various symptoms. Because so many of the most disabling conditions do not have clear medical treatments, the outlook for major reductions in disability might be limited.
How Do the Better Educated Do It? Socioeconomic Status and the Ability to Cope with Underlying Impairment
There is a pronounced gradient in disability across socioeconomic groups, with better educated and higher income groups reporting substantially less disability. In this paper, we consider why that is the case, focusing on impairments in basic physical and cognitive aspects of living for the elderly. Our empirical work has two parts. First, we consider how much of this gradient in disability is a result of underlying differences in functioning versus the ability to cope with impairments. We show differences in functioning are the major part of the difference in disability, but both are important. Second, we consider how the better educated elderly cope with disability. Better educated people use substantially more assistive technology than the less educated and are more likely to use paid help. But use of these services is not the primary reason that the better educated are better able to cope. We conclude with thoughts about other potential factors that may explain differential coping.
Running-mass models of inflation, and their observational constraints
If the inflaton sector is described by softly broken supersymmetry, and the
inflaton has unsuppressed couplings, the inflaton mass will run strongly with
scale. Four types of model are possible. The prediction for the spectral index
involves two parameters, while the COBE normalization involves a third, all of
them calculable functions of the relevant masses and couplings. A crude
estimate is made of the region of parameter space allowed by present
observation.Comment: Latex file, 20 pages, 11 figures, uses epsf.sty. Comment on the
observation of the spectral index scale dependence added; Fig. 3-6 improve
High visibility two photon interference of frequency time entangled photons generated in a quasi phase matched AlGaAs waveguide
We demonstrate experimentally the frequency time entanglement of photon pairs
produced in a CW pumped quasi phased matched AlGaAs superlattice waveguide. A
visibility of 96.0+-0.7% without background subtraction has been achieved,
which corresponds the violation of Bell inequality by 52 standard deviations
Practical and Legal Aspects of Arbitrating Claims before the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal
The detection and mapping of subterranean water bearing channels - phase 2
Students supported: 4 Student Assistants"The research conducted under this Grant was directed towards the development of a method for the detection and delineation of subterranean cavities. Such cavities in the carbonaceous rocks of Missouri form a vast system of interconnected channels available for the transport of ground water. These channels play an important role in the water resources of Missouri and also constitute an undesirable means of transport and dissemination of polluted waters from mining districts and heavily populated areas. Such transport systems offer little opportunity for water purification by the natural process of filtering, and such waters may be transported over considerable distances with little change in their polluted state. Prior to this Grant, a reliable method for even the detection of large cavern structures like Onondaga Cave was unknown. Past attempts at cavity detection span a broad spectrum of geophysical exploration methods. While most of these attempts have yielded some degree of success, the general consensus of the authors has been that conventional geophysical approaches to the problem do not appear adequate."--Introduction.Project # B-087-MO Agreement # 14-31-000
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