9,473 research outputs found
Single-particle dissipation in TDHF studied from a phase-space perspective
We study dissipation and relaxation processes within the time-dependent
Hartree-Fock approach using the Wigner distribution function. On the technical
side we present a geometrically unrestricted framework which allows us to
calculate the full six-dimensional Wigner distribution function. With the
removal of geometrical constraints, we are now able to extend our previous
phase-space analysis of heavy-ion collisions in the reaction plane to
unrestricted mean-field simulations of nuclear matter on a three-dimensional
Cartesian lattice. From the physical point of view we provide a quantitative
analysis on the stopping power in TDHF. This is linked to the effect of
transparency. For the medium-heavy Ca+Ca system we examine the
impact of different parametrizations of the Skyrme force, energy-dependence,
and the significance of extra time-odd terms in the Skyrme functional.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 videos. arXiv admin note: substantial text
overlap with arXiv:1201.526
A superconductor to superfluid phase transition in liquid metallic hydrogen
Although hydrogen is the simplest of atoms, it does not form the simplest of
solids or liquids. Quantum effects in these phases are considerable (a
consequence of the light proton mass) and they have a demonstrable and often
puzzling influence on many physical properties, including spatial order. To
date, the structure of dense hydrogen remains experimentally elusive. Recent
studies of the melting curve of hydrogen indicate that at high (but
experimentally accessible) pressures, compressed hydrogen will adopt a liquid
state, even at low temperatures. In reaching this phase, hydrogen is also
projected to pass through an insulator-to-metal transition. This raises the
possibility of new state of matter: a near ground-state liquid metal, and its
ordered states in the quantum domain. Ordered quantum fluids are traditionally
categorized as superconductors or superfluids; these respective systems feature
dissipationless electrical currents or mass flow. Here we report an analysis
based on topological arguments of the projected phase of liquid metallic
hydrogen, finding that it may represent a new type of ordered quantum fluid.
Specifically, we show that liquid metallic hydrogen cannot be categorized
exclusively as a superconductor or superfluid. We predict that, in the presence
of a magnetic field, liquid metallic hydrogen will exhibit several phase
transitions to ordered states, ranging from superconductors to superfluids.Comment: for a related paper see cond-mat/0410425. A correction to the front
page caption appeared in Oct 14 issue of Nature:
http://www.nature.com/nature/links/041014/041014-11.htm
Standard classification of expense
Adopted November 11th, 1920. The basic costs to be ascertained were warehouse, direct shipment and indirect shipment. The total expense of doing business includes all three of these factors. The Committee discussed at length the advisability of following the plan of some cost systems which start with the invoiced unit cost, and then load this with the burden of expense incurred during transit through the various processes involved in filling an order. In following such a procedure, overhead is naturally assessed on a basis of price per pound or some similar unit, but we found the units in a paper warehouse differed so in character that it would be impracticable to follow such a plan. For instance, it developed that some paper warehouses handled not only the various kinds of paper, but ice cream cones, butter dishes, clothes lines, matches, hammocks, automobile tires, etc. For this reason, and also because the majority of houses kept no record of sales and purchases on a tonnage basis, it was found impracticable to operate the system in its initial stages on a price per pound basis. Therefore the only easy, workable method was to operate on a percentage of sales, and the system was devised along this line. Original item in Box no. 040
The (1+1)-dimensional Massive sine-Gordon Field Theory and the Gaussian Wave-functional Approach
The ground, one- and two-particle states of the (1+1)-dimensional massive
sine-Gordon field theory are investigated within the framework of the Gaussian
wave-functional approach. We demonstrate that for a certain region of the
model-parameter space, the vacuum of the field system is asymmetrical.
Furthermore, it is shown that two-particle bound state can exist upon the
asymmetric vacuum for a part of the aforementioned region. Besides, for the
bosonic equivalent to the massive Schwinger model, the masses of the one boson
and two-boson bound states agree with the recent second-order results of a
fermion-mass perturbation calculation when the fermion mass is small.Comment: Latex, 11 pages, 8 figures (EPS files
The TIGA technique for detecting gravitational waves with a spherical antenna
We report the results of a theoretical and experimental study of a spherical
gravitational wave antenna. We show that it is possible to understand the data
from a spherical antenna with 6 radial resonant transducers attached to the
surface in the truncated icosahedral arrangement. We find that the errors
associated with small deviations from the ideal case are small compared to
other sources of error, such as a finite signal-to-noise ratio. An in situ
measurement technique is developed along with a general algorithm that
describes a procedure for determining the direction of an external force acting
on the antenna, including the force from a gravitational wave, using a
combination of the transducer responses. The practicality of these techniques
was verified on a room-temperature prototype antenna.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Investigation of shock waves in explosive blasts using fibre optic pressure sensors
The published version of this article may be accessed at the link below. Copyright @ IOP Publishing, 2006.We describe miniature all-optical pressure sensors, fabricated by wafer etching techniques, less than 1 mm(2) in overall cross-section with rise times in the mu s regime and pressure ranges typically 900 kPa (9 bar). Their performance is suitable for experimental studies of the pressure-time history for test models exposed to shocks initiated by an explosive charge. The small size and fast response of the sensors promises higher quality data than has been previously available from conventional electrical sensors, with potential improvements to numerical models of blast effects. Results from blast tests are presented in which up to six sensors were multiplexed, embedded within test models in a range of orientations relative to the shock front.Support from the UK Engineering&Physical
Sciences Research Council and Dstl Fort Halstead through the MoD Joint Grants Scheme are acknowledged. WN MacPherson is supported by an EPSRC Advanced Research Fellowship
PAPPA: Primordial Anisotropy Polarization Pathfinder Array
The Primordial Anisotropy Polarization Pathfinder Array (PAPPA) is a
balloon-based instrument to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave
background and search for the signal from gravity waves excited during an
inflationary epoch in the early universe. PAPPA will survey a 20 x 20 deg patch
at the North Celestial Pole using 32 pixels in 3 passbands centered at 89, 212,
and 302 GHz. Each pixel uses MEMS switches in a superconducting microstrip
transmission line to combine the phase modulation techniques used in radio
astronomy with the sensitivity of transition-edge superconducting bolometers.
Each switched circuit modulates the incident polarization on a single detector,
allowing nearly instantaneous characterization of the Stokes I, Q, and U
parameters. We describe the instrument design and status.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures. Proceedings of the Fundamental Physics With CMB
workshop, UC Irvine, March 23-25, 2006, to be published in New Astronomy
Review
Scale-independent mixing angles
A radiatively-corrected mixing angle has to be independent of the choice of
renormalization scale to be a physical observable. At one-loop in MS-bar, this
only occurs for a particular value, p*, of the external momentum in the
two-point functions used to define the mixing angle: p*^2=(M1^2+M2^2)/2, where
M1, M2 are the physical masses of the two mixed particles. We examine two
important applications of this to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model:
the mixing angle for a) neutral Higgs bosons and b) stops. We find that this
choice of external momentum improves the scale independence (and therefore
provides a more reliable determination) of these mixing angles.Comment: 14 pages, 11 ps figures Version to appear in PR
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