Clusters of Activation in the Real Motion Condition (voxel threshold <i>p</i>_corr = .05 FWE).

<p>ACC: anterior cingulate cortex, FEF: frontal eye field, inf.: inferior, IPS: intraparietal sulcus, L: left, MCC: middle cingulate cortex, R: right, SMA: supplementary motor area, sup.: superior.</p

Demographic and questionnaire measures for Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Healthy Control (HC) groups.

<p>Score ranges: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; 0–21), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q; 0–6), Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS; 0–72)</p><p>(-) indicates where all participants scored 0</p><p>IQR = inter-quartile range; S.D. = standard deviation; BMI = body mass index; NART = national adult reading test</p><p>(*) indicates results that remain significant after Bonferroni multiple comparison correction</p><p>^a Data based on 31AN and 32HC</p><p>^b Data based on 28AN</p><p>Demographic and questionnaire measures for Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Healthy Control (HC) groups.</p

Time course of a WCST trial and events of interest for behavioural and fMRI analysis.

<p>Each example presents the current rule chosen by the program (‘correct rule’) with concurrent trial-by-trial participant responses (‘chosen rule’), illustrating different WCST ‘event types’. Note that for event-related fMRI analysis, each event is modelled as the period between two consecutive responses and the ‘event type’ is defined by the combination of the two responses. EXAMPLE A: I) Efficient Shifts (<i>Eff-Sh</i>) were when participants changed sorting rules following negative feedback to one that had not been previously tested. II) Stuck-in-set perseverations (<i>SiS-P</i>) occurred if the same sorting rule that was incorrect in the previous trial was applied in the subsequent trial. III) First correct sort (<i>F-Corr</i>) of a new set. IV) Second correct sort (<i>S-Corr</i>) follows first correct sort. V) fMRI baseline (<i>Baseline</i>) was designated as trials 3–8 of a string of 8 consecutive correct sorts. EXAMPLE B: VI) Recurrent perseverations (<i>Rec-P</i>) constituted shifts to another sorting rule following incorrect feedback, but to one that had been tested two trials previously and already fed back as incorrect. EXAMPLE C: VII) Error Set trials (<i>Error Set</i>) were correct sorts not included as baseline trials due to occurrence of ‘loss of set’ errors within that particular set. VIII) Loss of set (<i>Loss of set</i>) trials are shifts to a different rule following positive feedback.</p

Clusters of Activation in the Reverse Illusory Line Motion Condition (voxel threshold <i>p</i>_corr = .05 FWE).

<p>For abbreviations see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0087595#pone-0087595-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Differences in Activation between the Three Motion Conditions (initial voxel threshold <i>p</i>_uncorr&lt;0.001, cluster threshold <i>p</i>_corr&lt;0.05 FWE).

<p>For abbreviations see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0087595#pone-0087595-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

fMRI results of cognitive flexibility comparisons.

<p>(A): Axial slices and line graphs showing significant group (Anorexia Nervosa, Healthy Control) x event (Efficient Shift [<i>Eff-Sh</i>], First Correct [<i>F-Corr</i>]) interactions of BOLD response (SSQ value) in the left middle frontal gyrus (BA9, Peak activation Talairach coordinates = -40, 22, 26, cluster size = 14, p = 0.0069), left inferior precuneus (BA7, Peak activation Talairach coordinates = -25, -56, 26, cluster size = 34, p = 0.0029) and left superior parietal lobule extending into the precuneus (BA7, Peak activation Talairach coordinates = -18, -67, 48, cluster size = 17, p = 0.0078). (B): Sagittal slices and bar charts illustrating the BOLD response during <i>SiS-P</i> and <i>Rec-P</i> and corresponding activity during <i>Eff-Sh</i> in the left middle frontal gyrus, left inferior precuneus and left superior parietal lobule. Functional data were thresholded to yield less than 1 false positive cluster per map and overlaid onto a high resolution single subject T1 structural image in Talairach space.</p

Regions showing a significant difference between Efficient Shift (<i>Eff-Sh)</i> and First Correct (<i>F-Corr</i>) trials.

<p>Efficient Shift <i>(Eff-Sh)</i>; First Correct <i>(F-Corr)</i>; Anorexia Nervosa (AN); Healthy Controls (HC)</p><p>All listed regions survived correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p>Regions showing a significant difference between Efficient Shift (<i>Eff-Sh)</i> and First Correct (<i>F-Corr</i>) trials.</p

Behavioural data as a function of flash location and experimental condition.

<p>Panel A) shows Percept scores and B) Decision Times. Error bars indicate +/− 1 SEM. ILM: illusory line motion.</p

WCST performance and reaction time measures for Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Healthy Control (HC) groups.

<p>IQR = inter-quartile range; S.D. = standard deviation</p><p>(*) indicates results that remain significant after Bonferroni multiple comparison correction</p><p>^a Data based on 16AN and 16HC; the remaining participants committed 0 errors</p><p>^b Data based on 11AN and 13HC; the remaining participants committed 0 errors</p><p>^c Data based on 26AN and 25HC; the remaining participants committed 0 errors</p><p>WCST performance and reaction time measures for Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Healthy Control (HC) groups.</p

Group comparison between healthy controls and patients with AN for activation in response to symmetry/order images.

<p>BA, Brodmann's area; Voxel-wise <i>P</i>-value <0.05 and cluster-wise <i>P</i>-value <0.002. At this level, the cumulative number of expected false-positive clusters in the group comparison was <1.</p