Relative risk for total mortality per 5-unit increase in body mass index in non-Hispanic blacks, according to selected characteristics^{a, b, c}.

<p>a. Subjects who did not have any prevalent cancer except non-melanoma skin cancer or heart disease at baseline. b. Adjusted for following variables, except for the stratification variable in each analysis: age, sex, education, marital status, smoking status, time since quitting smoking, number of cigarettes per day, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and menopausal hormone therapy use in women. c. Markers indicate the relative risks and horizontal lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. d. Number of death; p value for interaction: 0.55 for sex, 0.50 for age at baseline, <0.001 for smoking, 0.75 for physical activity, 0.40 for education, and 0.13 for alcohol.</p

Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals for total mortality by categories of body mass index in non-Hispanic blacks.

a.<p>Subjects who did not have any prevalent cancer except non-melanoma skin cancer or heart disease at baseline.</p>b.<p>Per 100,000 person-years, directly standardized to the age distribution of the cohort according to sex.</p>c.<p>Adjusted for age, sex, education (less than high school, high school graduate, some college, and college graduate/postgraduate), marital status (married and not married), smoking status (never, former, current), time since quitting smoking (never, stopped ≥10 years ago, stopped 5–9 years ago, stopped 1–4 years ago, stopped <1 year ago, and currently smoking), number of cigarettes per day (0, 1–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, and >60 cigarettes/day), physical activity (never/rare, ≤3 times/mo, and 1–2 and ≥3 times/wk), alcohol consumption (0, >0–<15, 15–<30, and ≥30 g/day) and menopausal hormone therapy use in women (never, ever). In analysis of men and women, sex was excluded from the list of covariates.</p>d.<p>Adjusted for same covariates as noted in footnote c, except smoking status, time since quitting, and number of cigarettes per day. In analysis of men and women separately, sex was excluded from the list of covariates.</p

Relative risk for total mortality in non-Hispanic black men and women^{a, b, c}.

<p>a. Subjects who did not have any prevalent cancer except non-melanoma skin cancer or heart disease at baseline b. Adjusted for age, education, marital status, smoking status, time since quitting smoking, number of cigarettes per day, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and menopausal hormone therapy use in women. Analysis of never smokers with no history of diseases at baseline was adjusted for same covariates except smoking status, time since quitting smoking, number of cigarettes per day. c. Men, 1,347 deaths in subjects with no history of disease and 288 deaths in never smokers with no history of diseases: Women, 1,262 deaths in subjects with no history of disease and 425 deaths in never smokers with no history of diseases.</p

Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals for cause-specific deaths in non-Hispanic black never smokers ^a.

a.<p>Never smokers who did not have any prevalent cancer except non-melanoma skin cancer or heart disease at baseline.</p>b.<p>Adjusted for age, sex, education (less than high school, high school graduate, some college, and college graduate/postgraduate), marital status (married and not married), physical activity (never/rare, ≤3 times/mo, and 1–2 and ≥3 times/wk), alcohol consumption (0, >0–<15, 15–<30, and ≥30 g/day) and menopausal hormone therapy use in women (never, ever).</p

Relative Risk (RR) of Total Incident Cancer and of Site-Specific Cancer by Educational Attainment in Men.

<p>Abbreviations: RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight kilograms divided by height in meters squared).</p>a<p>p for trend across education groups.</p>b<p>Age-adjusted Incidence rates are per 100,000 person-years by 5 year age intervals.</p>c<p>Multivariate models included the following covariates: age (yrs); race (White, Black, Hispanic and Asian, Pacific Islanders and Native Americans, combined); smoking (Never, Quit < = 1 pack per day, Quit>1 pack per day, Currently smoking < = 1 pack per day, Currently Smoking>1 pack per day); alcohol consumptions g/day (0; 0.1−<5, 5−<15, 15<30, 30+); energy (Kcal/day);BMI (<25, 25−<30, 30−<35, 35+); Physical activity (Frequency of at least 20 minutes that caused increases in breathing or heart rate, or worked up a sweat: Never/Rarely, 1–3 time per month, 1–2 times per week, 3–4 times per week, 5+ times per week, Unknown), married (yes/no); family history of cancer (yes/no).</p>d<p>Smoking related cancers include sites: head neck, esophageal, lung, pancreas, bladder.</p>e<p>For the sites of colon and prostate (local and advanced) models were adjusted for screening behavior.</p

Relative risk of death from cancer according to waist circumference and body mass index.

<p>The multivariate models used person-time as the underlying time metric and included the following covariates: age at entry (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, Asian), smoking status (never, former, current), and alcohol intake (0, <1, <3, ≥3 drinks per day). The analyses of waist circumference were additionally adjusted for body-mass index (18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, ≥35.0 kg/m²). Obesity-related cancers include colon cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, kidney cancer, and pancreatic cancer.</p

Relative risk of death from any cause according to waist circumference and body mass index.

<p>The multivariate models used person-time as the underlying time metric and included the following covariates: age at entry (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, Asian), smoking status (never, former, current), and alcohol intake (0, <1, <3, ≥3 drinks per day). The analysis of waist circumference was additionally adjusted for body-mass index (18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, ≥35.0 kg/m²).</p

Multivariate relative risk of death from any cause and death from specific causes according to joint categories of waist circumference and body mass index.

<p>The multivariate models used person-time as the underlying time metric and included the following covariates: age at entry (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, Asian), smoking status (never, former, current), and alcohol intake (0, <1, <3, ≥3 drinks per day). Participants with a waist circumference of <80 cm (women) or <94 cm (men) served as the reference group.</p

Relative risk of death from any non-cancer/non-cardiovascular diseases and from selected non-cancer/non-cardiovascular diseases according to waist circumference and body mass index.

<p>The multivariate models used person-time as the underlying time metric and included the following covariates: age at entry (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, Asian), smoking status (never, former, current), and alcohol intake (0, <1, <3, ≥3 drinks per day). The analyses of waist circumference were additionally adjusted for body-mass index (18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, ≥35.0 kg/m²).</p

Baseline Characteristics According to Educational Attainment in Men and Women.

a<p>BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).</p>b<p>Reported screening 3 years prior to baseline for colon, breast (women only), ovarian (women only) or prostate (men only) cancers.</p>c<p>Among parous women.</p