58 research outputs found
Excitation Mechanisms for Jovian Seismic Modes
Recent (2011) results from the Nice Observatory indicate the existence of
global seismic modes on Jupiter in the frequency range between 0.7 and 1.5mHz
with amplitudes of tens of cm/s. Currently, the driving force behind these
modes is a mystery; the measured amplitudes are many orders of magnitude larger
than anticipated based on theory analogous to heliosiesmology (that is,
turbulent convection as a source of stochastic excitation). One of the most
promising hypotheses is that these modes are driven by Jovian storms. This work
constructs a framework to analytically model the expected equilibrium normal
mode amplitudes arising from convective columns in storms. We also place rough
constraints on Jupiter's seismic modal quality factor. Using this model,
neither meteor strikes, turbulent convection, nor water storms can feasibly
excite the order of magnitude of observed amplitudes. Next we speculate about
the potential role of rock storms deeper in Jupiter's atmosphere, because the
rock storms' expected energy scales make them promising candidates to be the
chief source of excitation for Jovian seismic modes, based on simple scaling
arguments. We also suggest some general trends in the expected partition of
energy between different frequency modes. Finally we supply some commentary on
potential applications to gravity, Juno, Cassini and Saturn, and future
missions to Uranus and Neptune.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figure
The Configuration of Performance Appraisal: Investigating the Impact of Leadership and Personality Using a Within- and Between-Supervisory Group Analysis
The key to improvfrig performance appraisals in organizations may be the leadership exchange processes that occur between managers and subordinates. We suggest two ways in which this might unfold: (a) the direct relationships among leadership attention, tenure with supervisor, and actual performance appraisal rating and (b) the cqnfiguration of these three variables around the organization\u27s structure in which differences between supervisory groups are highlighted. Our findings suggest that all three variables are significantly related. For leadership attention and performance appraisal, an individual-level model best applies. A group model is implied for leaders~ip attention and tenure with supervisor, whereby entire supervisory groups that have longer tenure with their supervisor also receive, on average, higher amounts of leadership attention
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