Hypothyroidism in a five-year-old boy with rhabdomyolysis and recent history of cardiac tamponade: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Cardiac tamponade is a rare manifestation of hypothyroidism, and a less rare cause of pericardial effusion. The accumulation of the pericardial fluid is gradual, and often does not compromise cardiac hemodynamic function. There is a relationship between the severity and chronicity of the disease with the presence of pericardial effusion. There are few cases describing associated pericardial tamponade published in the literature. When a tamponade occurs, a concomitant provocative factor such as a viral pericarditis may be related. Our patient's case appears to be the youngest patient described so far.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a previously healthy five-year-old Hispanic (non-indigenous) boy who developed rhabdomyolysis with a history of a recent pericardial effusion and tamponade two months before that required the placement of a percutaneous pericardial drainage. Pericardial effusion was considered to be viral. Later on readmission, clinical primary hypothyroidism was diagnosed and thought to be associated with the previous cardiac tamponade. He developed rhabdomyolysis, which was considered to be autoimmune and was treated with steroids. The level of creatine phosphate kinase and creatine kinase MB fraction returned to within the reference rangeone week after our patient was started on steroids and three weeks after he was started on thyroid hormones.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Physicians should consider hypothyroidism as a differential diagnosis in patients with pericardial effusion. Pericardial effusion may progress and cause a cardiac tamponade with hemodynamic instability. The fact that our patient did not have any manifestations of hypothyroidism might have delayed diagnosis.</p

Health-related characteristics and unmet needs of men with erectile dysfunction: a survey in five European countries

INTRODUCTION: Data suggest that ED is still an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. In addition, it seems that men with ED are unsatisfied about their relationship with their physician and with the available drugs. AIM: The study aims to identify health-related characteristics and unmet needs of patients suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED) in big 5 European Union (EU) nations (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK). METHODS: Data were collected from the 2011 5EU National Health and Wellness-Survey on a population of 28,511 adult men (mean age: 47.18; SD 16.07) and was focused on men (5,184) who self-reported ED in the past 6 months. In addition, the quality of life (QoL) and work productivity/activity were explored. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health-related QoL (HRQoL) and work productivity were measured with SF-12v2 and WPAI validated psychometric tools. RESULTS: One in every 20 young men (age 18-39) across 5EU experienced ED in the past 6 months. About half of men (2,702/5,184; [52%]) with ED across all ages did not discuss their condition with their physician. Interestingly, among those men who did discuss their condition with their physician, 68% (1,668/2,465) do not currently use medication. These findings were more evident in the age group of 18-39 years. Only 48% (2,465/5,184) had a closer relationship with their physician, suggesting that this quality of relationship may be unsatisfactory. Compared with controls, ED patients have a significantly higher intrapsychic and relational psychopathological comorbid burden and relevant decreasing in HRQoL, with a significantly higher impairment on work productivity/activity. CONCLUSION: Data suggest that there is a need for a new therapeutic paradigm in ED treatment which images the achievement of a new alliance between physician and patient. Hence, alternative drug delivery strategies may reduce the psychological and social impact of this disease

Escala de Coma de Glasgow: subestimação em pacientes com respostas verbais impedidas Escala de Coma de Glasgow: subestimación en pacientes con respuestas verbales impedidas Glasgow Coma Scale: underestimation in patients with verbal responses impeded

Questão freqüente no uso da Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECGl), na fase aguda, em pacientes internados devido ao trauma crânio-encefálico (TCE) é a subestimação decorrente de situações impeditivas como intubação endotraqueal/traqueostomia, sedação e edema palpebral. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e determinar a subestimação na pontuação total da ECGl quando se utiliza a pontuação 1 nas situações de impedimento para a sua avaliação. A amostra estudada foi de 76 pacientes internados com TCE no Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. Em 42 (55,3%) pacientes, não havia impedimentos e foram realizadas 136 avaliações. Em 34 (44,7%), havia impedimentos caracterizados por intubação ou traqueostomia, podendo estar ou não associados com edema palpebral e sedação, e o total de avaliações foi de 310. A pontuação nesses pacientes total variou de 3 a 11, com os escores mais freqüentes de 3 e 6. Pelos valores estimados pela regressão linear, a partir das pontuações obtidas em AO e MRM foram obtidas as seguintes subestimações: média=1,03 ±1,36, mediana=0,54 (intubação ou traqueostomia); média=0,40 ±0,79, mediana=0,00 (intubação ou traqueostomia + sedação); média=0,57 ±0,96, mediana=0,27 (intubação ou traqueostomia + sedação + edema palpebral). Conclui-se que, no TCE grave, a pontuação total da ECGl fixando a MRV em 1, embora subestimada, encontra-se próxima da real.<br>Cuestionamiento frecuente en el uso de la Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG), en la fase aguda, en pacientes internados debido al trauma craneoencefalico es la subestimación decorrient de situaciones impeditivas como intubación endotraqueal/traqueostomía, sedación y edema palpebral. El objetivo de ese estudio fue identificar y determinar la subestimación en la puntuación total de la ECG cuando es utilizada la puntuación 1 en las situaciones de impedimiento para su avaliación. La muestra estudiada fue de 76 pacientes internados por TEC en el Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. En 42 (55.3%) pacientes, no habia impedimientos y fueron realizadas 136 avaliaciones. Em 34 (44,7%), habia impedimientos caracterizados por intubación o traqueostomía, estando o no asociados con edema palpebral y sedación y el total de avaliaciones fue de 310. En eses, la puntuación total varió de 3 para 11 con los escores más frecuentes en 3 y 6. Por los valores estimados por la regresión linear a partir de las puntuaciones obtenidas en AO y MRM, fueron obtenidas las seguintes subestimaciones: media=1.03±1.36, mediana=0.54 (intubatión o traqueostomía), media=0,40±0.79, mediana=0,00 (intubatión o traqueostomía + sedatión), media=0.57± 0.96, mediana=0.27 (intubatión o traqueostomía + sedatión + edema palpebral). Fue concluído que, en el TEC grave, la puntuación total de la ECG1 mantenendo la MRV en 1, mismo subestimada, se encuentra prójima de la real.<br>Frequent question in the use of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), on the acute phase, on inpatients due to encephalic cranial trauma (TBI) is the subestima because of the impeditive situations such as tracheostomy/endotracheal intubation, sedation and palpebral edema. The aim of this study was identify and determining the subestima on the total score of GCS when the score 1 is used on the impediment situations for your assessment. The sample studied had 76 inpatients for TBI at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Within 42 (55,3%) inpatients, there are not impediments and were carried out 136 assessments. In 34 (44,7%), there are impediments characterized by intubation or tracheostomy, being or not related to palpebral edema and sedation and the total evaluation was 310. Within them, the total score varied of 3 to 11 with the more frequent scores in 3 and 6. Through estimated values by linear regression since the scores obtained in EO and VRM, the following subestimas were obtained: mean=1.03±1.36, median=0.54 (intubation or tracheostomy), mean=0,40±0.79, median=0,00 (intubation or tracheostomy + sedation), mean=0.57±0.96, median=0.27 (intubation or tracheostomy + sedation + palpebral edema). It was concluded that, in the serious ECT, the total score of GCS maintained a VRM in 1, although underestimated, it is near the real one