Front Matter

Front matter for Volume 43, Issue 4 of the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

INTERORGANIZATIONAL COOPERATION: THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AN EMPERECAL COMPARISON OF US AND JAPANESE SUPPLIER RELATIONS

This paper investigates the comparative role of several factors, including information technology (IT), predicting the level of cooperation between two independent organizations. Drawing upon multiple theoretical perspectives, we develop five hypotheses about the impact on interorganizational cooperation of three sets of factors: (1) the characteristics of the environment withm which the relationship operates, (2) the characteristics of the relationship itself, and (3) the characteristics of how IT is used within the relationship. Each of these conceptual constructs is operationalized and measured within the specific context of buyer-supplier relationships in the automobile industry. The hypotheses are tested across two national settings (the US and Japan) using multiple regression analyzes conducted on a data set of 447 distinct relationships. The results indicate that the use of IT and the characteristics of the environment do not play the same role in explaining interorganizational cooperation in the two country settings, while in both countries the characteristics of the relationship significantly contribute to change in 112

Distinct populations of neurons activated by heroin and cocaine in the striatum as assessed by catFISH

Despite the still prevailing notion of a shared substrate of action for all addictive drugs, there is evidence suggesting that opioid and psychostimulant drugs differ substantially in terms of their neurobiological and behavioural effects. These differences may reflect separate neural circuits engaged by the two drugs. Here we used the catFISH technique to investigate the degree of overlap between neurons engaged by heroin versus cocaine in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The catFISH technique is a within-subject procedure that takes advantage of the different transcriptional time-course of the immediate-early genes homer 1a and arc to determine to what extent two stimuli separated by an interval of 25 min engage the same neuronal population. We found that throughout the striatal complex the neuronal populations activated by non-contingent intravenous injections of cocaine (800 µg/kg) and heroin (100 and 200 µg/kg), administered at an interval of 25 min from each other, overlapped to a much lesser extent than in the case of two injections of cocaine (800 µg/kg), also 25 min apart. The greatest reduction in overlap between populations activated by cocaine and heroin was in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum (~30% and ~22%, respectively, of the overlap observed for the sequence cocaine-cocaine). Our results point toward a significant separation between neuronal populations activated by heroin and cocaine in the striatal complex. We propose that our findings are a proof of concept that these two drugs are encoded differently in a brain area believed to be a common neurobiological substrate to drug abuse

A Note on Unemployment Persistence and Quantile Parameter Heterogeneity

The standard approach to the estimation of unemployment persistence assumes that quantile parameter heterogeneity does not matter. Using panel quantile autoregression techniques on state-level data for the United States (1980-2010), we suggest that it does

Front Matter

Front matter for Volume 43, Issue 3 of the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Front Matter

Front matter for Volume 43, Issue 2 of the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

The benefits of being seen to help others: indirect reciprocity and reputation-based partner choice

When one individual helps another, it benefits the recipient and may also gain a reputation for being cooperative. This may induce others to favour the helper in subsequent interactions, so investing in being seen to help others may be adaptive. The best-known mechanism for this is indirect reciprocity (IR), in which the profit comes from an observer who pays a cost to benefit the original helper. IR has attracted considerable theoretical and empirical interest, but it is not the only way in which cooperative reputations can bring benefits. Signalling theory proposes that paying a cost to benefit others is a strategic investment which benefits the signaller through changing receiver behaviour, in particular by being more likely to choose the signaller as a partner. This reputation-based partner choice can result in competitive helping whereby those who help are favoured as partners. These theories have been confused in the literature. We therefore set out the assumptions, the mechanisms and the predictions of each theory for how developing a cooperative reputation can be adaptive. The benefits of being seen to be cooperative may have been a major driver of sociality, especially in humans. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The language of cooperation: reputation and honest signalling’

Las áreas de conservación ecológica en la montaña de Guerrero como experiencia de manejo integrado de ecosistemas

The certification of Ecological Conservation Areas (ECA) was carried out in the Mountain region of Guerrero state, as part of an initiative to promote a new paradigm for conservation, consisting of integrated management of ecosystems, with the Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM) Project in Three Priority Ecoregions, coordinated by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the certification process, in order to systematize the regional experience. The research followed a qualitative approach, applying the methodology of documentary research and the systematization of experiences in the researchers’ own process. Results indicate that the project achieved ECA certification for 48,851.3 ha, of 18 agricultural nuclei; the certified area represents 57.5% of the total surface area, certified as Areas Voluntarily Destined for Conservation (AVDC) in the state of Guerrero. We conclude that considering the certified area, the ECA certification in the region represents a successful effort for the conservation of ecosystems, while also promoting processes of local and regional participation, organization for conservation and development and inter-institutional coordination.La certificación de Áreas de Conservación Ecológica (ACE), se llevó a cabo en la región Montaña del Estado de Guerrero, como parte de una iniciativa para promover un nuevo paradigma de la conservación, el manejo integrado de ecosistemas, a través del Proyecto Manejo Integrado de Ecosistemas en Tres Ecorregiones Prioritarias (Proyecto MIE), coordinado por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). El objetivo de este estudio, fue analizar retrospectivamente, el proceso de certificación, con el fin de sistematizar la experiencia regional. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, aplicando como métodos, la investigación documental y la sistematización de experiencias en el proceso de los propios investigadores. Los resultados indican, que el proyecto logró la certificación como ACE de 48,851.3 ha, de 18 núcleos agrarios; la superficie certificada, representa 57.5 % de la superficie total certificada como Áreas Destinadas Voluntariamente a la Conservación (ADVC) del Estado de Guerrero. Se concluye, que la certificación de ACE en la región representa, por la superficie certificada, un esfuerzo exitoso para la conservación de ecosistemas, además de que fomentó procesos de participación local y regional, de organización para la conservación y el desarrollo y la coordinación interinstitucional

Front Matter

Front matter for Volume 43, Issue 1 of the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform